“…The present results indicate that self-organization need not generate veridical responses. Self-organization may be an important framework in which to consider learning in general (Kelty- Stephen & Dixon, 2014;Spencer, Thomas, & McClelland, 2009;Thelen & Smith, 1994), but we should not forget that some of the most pioneering and programmatic work in applying self-organization to psychology dealt with a perceptual discrepancy, namely, the Piagetian A-not-B error in which the developing infant's mind systematically misaligns haptic coordination of infant reaching with visual information about target location, leading to a systematically non-zero discrepancy between reach and target (e.g., Clearfield, Dineva, Smith, Diedrich, & Thelen, 2009;Spencer, Dineva, & Smith, 2009;Spencer, Perone, & Buss, 2011). Individual participants' perceptual-discrepancy data in Interleaved group (black) compared to predicted perceptual discrepancy according to Model 2 (shown in Table 3; grey) for all judgments that they produced.…”