Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cell fabricated by co-electrodeposited metallic precursor

Effects of metal ion concentration on electrodeposited CuZnSn film and its application in kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells

“…Solar cells using electrodeposited Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) and Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) with efficiency up to 8.0% [15][16][17][18] have been reported. Generally speaking, electrodeposition of CZT metallic film can be achieved by deposition of Cu/Zn/Sn stacked elemental layers using separate electrolyte solutions containing each metal ion via a multi -steps method [18][19][20][21][22] , or by co-deposition using a single solution containing all metal ions in one -step [23][24][25][26][27] . The method based on co-electrodeposition has advantages over the stacked elemental layers method because of its simpler procedure, which is more favorable for highthroughput production.…”

“…[15][16][17][18] Generally speaking, the electrodeposition of CZT metallic lm can be achieved by the deposition of Cu/Zn/Sn stacked elemental layers using separate electrolyte solutions containing each metal ion via a multi-step method, [18][19][20][21][22] or by co-deposition using a single solution containing all the metal ions in one step. [23][24][25][26][27] The method based on co-electrodeposition has advantages over the stacked elemental layers method because of its simpler procedure, which is more favorable for high-throughput production. However, compared to the stacked elemental layers approach, it is more challenging to control the co-electrodeposition process of CZT lm due to the complexity of the electrolyte system and the different reduction potentials of the metal ions.…”

Cu2ZnSnS4 films with Cu-poor composition prepared by spin coating from a nontoxic methanol-based solution: the effect of annealing temperature

“…Sputter-deposited CZTS has yielded PV cells with the record efficiency of 10% for a relatively large cell area (1.11 cm 2 ) and 11% for smaller cells [6]. The solution-based deposition techniques which include dip coating [9][10][11], electrodeposition [12,13], spray pyrolysis [14,15], and spin coating [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], among some others, are the desirable routes due to their low cost, large area growth, non-vacuum processing, and compatibility to the printed electronics. It is well known that the preparation of single-phase CSTS is challenging.…”

Novel Chemical Route for Deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 Photovoltaic Absorbers

“…Several groups have reported the fabrication of CZTS thin films using a variety of methods such as sulfurization, electrodeposition, radio-frequency (RF) sputtering and co-evaporation. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Mitzi and co-workers 13 achieved a 12.7% efficient Cu 2 ZnSn(Se,S) 4 device fabricated from CZTSSe films prepared using a hydrazine-based pure solution approach and employing an In 2 S 3 /CdS double-emitter on CZTSSe absorbers upon annealing under optimized conditions.…”