Cu substitution boosts self-trapped exciton emission in zinc-based metal halides for sky-blue light-emitting diodes

Abstract

Substantial progress has been made in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on red- and green-emitting lead halides. However, reducing lead toxicity of emissive materials and achieving the high-efficiency blue-emitting LED beads...

Intrinsic stability of perovskite materials and their operational stability in light-emitting diodes

“…Multiple groups reported the effect of doping by various cations in CsPb(Br, Cl, I) 3 . 150 Zou et al 149 examined the effect of doping of the Mn 2+ ion in CsPbBr 3 by first principles calculations and experimental studies. They showed by the X-band EPR pattern that Mn 2+ doping in CsPbBr 3 replaces the Pb 2+ with Mn 2+ in the perovskite crystal lattice.…”

“…Lead is also replaced with other divalent/trivalent ions such as Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Sb 2+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 3+ and others. 108,[175][176][177] However, these metal ion-based perovskites exhibit a low tolerance factor due to low ionic radius. Hence, no significant advancement is observed; yet continuous efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of these leadfree perovskites.…”

Composition and structure regulation of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite for light-emitting diodes applications

“…Another additive is a metal ion, forming mixed perovskites with multiple types of ''A'' ions to improve the poor electrical properties. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Ag + ions were added to form the PEA 2 (Ag x Cs 1Àx ) nÀ1 Pb n Br 3n+1 perovskite, achieving defect passivation, carrier balance, and morphology improvement. 45 The crystal formation process was attributed to the strong affinity between Ag + and Br À , which optimized the ion balance and the disorderly crystal orientation.…”

“…57 PEA is also utilized as an organic spacer to form 2D perovskites for efficient PeLEDs. 29,52,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] Kang et al added organic spacers with similar polarities. Still, different molecular lengths in the primary perovskite CsPbBr 3 yielded different distances between the crystalline structures, leading to the corresponding PL and EL emission color changes from green to blue.…”

Temperature-Dependent Double Exciton Competition Emission in One Dimensional Copper-Based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites

“…Cu + -based perovskite is a popular material because of it nontoxicity and high content on the earth. These materials are crucial for LEDs, photodetectors, scintillators, lasers, anticounterfeiting, solar cells, and other applications due to their unique visible luminescence character such as changeable excitation, changeable emission, and high color purity. − Recently, the luminescent character of Cu­(I) -based halides has been widely studied. In 2018, Jun et al proposed to replace the lead based perovskites with low-cost, green, and low-toxicity copper based perovskites, which exhibited efficient blue light emission from 0D Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 .…”