Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> Thin Films Generated from a Single Solution Based Precursor: The Effect of Na and Sb Doping

Koehler, Tristan; Lin, Xianzhong; Harniman, Robert L.; Griffiths, Ian; Wang, Lan; Cherns, D.; Fermı́n, David J.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01499

Cited by 67 publications

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“…Sb doping showed an overall improvement in key CZTS device metrics such as V OC and fill factor, which comes as a result of a complex interplay of remediation of elemental disorder and improvement of band alignment. Figure 13(b) illustrates the decrease of the isotropic thermal parameter in Sn and Cu sites (as obtained by XRD structure refinement) upon Sb and Na doping, respectively, suggesting a significant decrease in disorder at these sites [129]. The effect of Sb on Sn disorder can be simply rationalized by their similar ionic radii (Sb, Z=51 to Sn, Z=50).…”

Section: Germanium (Ge)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Group V 6.1. Antimony (Sb) In a large study assessing over 200 solar cells, Tiwari et al concluded that Sb and Na co-doping substantially improve the efficiency of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) prepared by thermolysis of molecular precursors as exemplified in figure 13(a) [129]. The introduction of Sb as a dopant was inspired by the positive effects on grain growth previously demonstrated in CIGS [130].…”

Section: Germanium (Ge)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The introduction of Sb as a dopant was inspired by the positive effects on grain growth previously demonstrated in CIGS [130]. In the case of CZTS, Sb was also observed to act as a recrystallization flux leading to more effective grain growth and compact films as a result of a decrease in the enthalpy of I-4 phase formation [129]. Sb doping showed an overall improvement in key CZTS device metrics such as V OC and fill factor, which comes as a result of a complex interplay of remediation of elemental disorder and improvement of band alignment.…”

Section: Germanium (Ge)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect of Sb and Na:Sb co-doping on CZTS bulk structure, surface electronic landscape and device performance: (a) J-V characteristics of devices under dark and standard AM1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm −2 ), (b) relative change in isotropic thermal parameters of the 2a (Cu & Zn) and 2b (Cu & Sn) sites in I-4 phase, and (c) distribution of local effective work-function (LEWF) over 16 μm 2 with respect to effective CdS work-function.Figures (a)and (b), copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. Reproduced from[129]. CC BY 4.0.…”

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Doping and alloying of kesterites

et al. 2019

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Attempts to improve the efficiency of kesterite solar cells by changing the intrinsic stoichiometry have not helped to boost the device efficiency beyond the current record of 12.6%. In this light, the addition of extrinsic elements to the Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 matrix in various quantities has emerged as a popular topic aiming to ameliorate electronic properties of the solar cell absorbers. This article reviews extrinsic doping and alloying concepts for kesterite absorbers with the focus on those that do not alter the parent zinc-blende derived kesterite structure. The latest state-of-the-art of possible extrinsic elements is presented in the order of groups of the periodic table. The highest reported solar cell efficiencies for each extrinsic dopant are tabulated at the end. Several dopants like alkali elements and substitutional alloying with Ag, Cd or Ge have been shown to improve the device performance of kesterite solar cells as compared to the nominally undoped references, although it is often difficult to differentiate between pure electronic effects and other possible influences such as changes in the crystallization path, deviations in matrix composition and presence of alkali dopants coming from the substrates. The review is concluded with a suggestion to intensify efforts for identifying intrinsic defects that negatively affect electronic properties of the kesterite absorbers, and, if identified, to test extrinsic strategies that may compensate these defects. Characterization techniques must be developed and widely used to reliably access semiconductor absorber metrics such as the quasi-Fermi level splitting, defect concentration and their energetic position, and carrier lifetime in order to assist in search for effective doping/alloying strategies.

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Section: Germanium (Ge)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Germanium (Ge)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Germanium (Ge)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Doping and alloying of kesterites

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The CZTSSe solar cells on classical rigid soda glass (SLG) substrates have made good progress, with the highest PCE of 12.6% for the CZTSSe solar cells demonstrated by IBM. 7 However, the efficiency of the CZTSSe solar cells on exible substrates (with a PCE of 6.9%) is still lower than those on SLG substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient (Cu_1−xAg_x)₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ solar cells on flexible Mo foils

Cheng

Yan

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Cation substitution plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency of Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. In this work, we report a significant efficiency enhancement of flexible CZTSSe solar cells on Mo foils by partial substitution of Cu + with Ag + . It is found that the band gap (E g ) of (Cu 1Àx Ag x ) 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CAZTSSe) thin films can be adjusted by doping with Ag with x from 0 to 6%, and the minimum E g is achieved with x ¼ 5%. We also found that Ag doping can obviously increase the average grain size of the CAZTSSe absorber from 0.4 to 1.1 mm. Additionally, the depletion width (W d ) at the heterojunction interface of CAZTSSe/CdS is found to be improved. As a result, the open-circuit voltage deficit (V oc,def ) is gradually decreased, and the band tailing is suppressed. Benefiting from the enhanced open-circuit voltage (V oc ), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is successfully enhanced from 4.34% (x ¼ 0) to 6.24% (x ¼ 4%), and the V oc,def decreases from 915 to 848 mV.

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Progress and Perspectives of Thin Film Kesterite Photovoltaic Technology: A Critical Review

et al. 2019

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The latest progress and future perspectives of thin film photovoltaic kesterite technology are reviewed herein. Kesterite is currently the most promising emerging fully inorganic thin film photovoltaic technology based on critical raw-material-free and sustainable solutions. The positioning of kesterites in the frame of the emerging inorganic solar cells is first addressed, and the recent history of this family of materials briefly described. A review of the fast progress achieved earlier this decade is presented, toward the relative slowdown in the recent years partly explained by the large opencircuit voltage (V OC ) deficit recurrently observed even in the best solar cell devices in the literature. Then, through a comparison with the close cousin Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 technology, doping and alloying strategies are proposed as critical for enhancing the conversion efficiency of kesterite. In the second section herein, intrinsic and extrinsic doping, as well as alloying strategies are reviewed, presenting the most relevant and recent results, and proposing possible pathways for future implementation. In the last section, a review on technological applications of kesterite is presented, going beyond conventional photovoltaic devices, and demonstrating their suitability as potential candidates in advanced tandem concepts, photocatalysis, thermoelectric, gas sensing, etc.Kesterite Photovoltaics He has supervised ten Ph.D. theses in the photovoltaic field. He is currently the coordinator of the research and innovation H2020 project STARCELL (www.starcell.eu), and the RISE (Marie Curie) project INFINITE-CELL (www.infinite-cell.eu).the V OC deficit for bandgaps close to 1.0 or 1.5 eV are comparable, and one can consider that kesterite is reasonably close to the state of the art of chalcopyrite materials in that range. But, while for kesterite the V OC deficit increases almost monotonically with the bandgap, it is markedly reduced for intermediate

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Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Thin Films Generated from a Single Solution Based Precursor: The Effect of Na and Sb Doping

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Doping and alloying of kesterites

Doping and alloying of kesterites

Efficient (Cu_1−xAg_x)₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ solar cells on flexible Mo foils

Progress and Perspectives of Thin Film Kesterite Photovoltaic Technology: A Critical Review

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Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Generated from a Single Solution Based Precursor: The Effect of Na and Sb Doping

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Doping and alloying of kesterites

Doping and alloying of kesterites

Efficient (Cu1−xAgx)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells on flexible Mo foils

Progress and Perspectives of Thin Film Kesterite Photovoltaic Technology: A Critical Review

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Product

Resources

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Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Thin Films Generated from a Single Solution Based Precursor: The Effect of Na and Sb Doping

Efficient (Cu_1−xAg_x)₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ solar cells on flexible Mo foils