Photoredox catalysis in recent years
has manifested a powerful
branch of science in organic synthesis. Although merging photoredox
and metal catalysts has been a widely used method, switchable heterogeneous
photoredox catalysis has rarely been considered. Herein, we open a
new window to use a switchable heterogeneous photoredox catalyst which
could be turned on/off by changing a simple stimulus (O2) for two opponent reactions, namely, oxidative and protodecarboxylation.
Using this strategy, we demonstrate that Au@ZnO core–shell
nanoparticles could be used as a switchable photocatalyst which has
good catalytic activity to absorb visible light due to the localized
surface plasmon resonance effect of gold, can decarboxylate a wide
range of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids, have multiple reusability,
and are a reasonable candidate for synthesizing both aldehydes/ketones
and alkane/arenes in a large-scale set up. Some biologically active
molecules are also shown via examples of the direct oxidative and
protodecarboxylation which widely provided pharmaceutical agents.