Cu, Cr and As distribution in soils adjacent to pressure-treated decks, fences and poles

Chirenje, Tait; Lena, Q.; Clark, Clayton J.; Reeves, M.

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00046-0

Cited by 81 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, at locations 30 to 45 cm away from the deck, the arsenic levels were below the residential guideline. This result was consistent with earlier soil surveys that showed arsenic levels decreased with distance from CCA-treated wood structures (Lebow et al 2000;Stilwell and Graetz 2001;Chirenje et al 2003). In this study, although the arsenic levels decreased with soil depth, which was consistent with earlier studies (Stilwell and Gorney 1997;Lebow et al 2000;Townsend et al 2003;Chirenje et al 2003), the soils collected at a 20 cm depth after 3 years of the deck installation exceeded the residential guideline due to the accumulation of arsenic.…”

Section: Comparison To Guideline Levelssupporting

confidence: 93%

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

Shibata

Solo‐Gabriele

Fleming

et al. 2007

Science of The Total Environment

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Many existing residential wood structures, such as playsets and decks, have been treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). This preservative chemical can be released from these structures incrementally over time through contact with rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of arsenic and chromium leached from an in-service CCA-treated deck exposed to rainfall, as well as their possible impacts on soils and shallow groundwater. Two monitoring stations, one containing a CCA-treated deck and the other containing an untreated deck as a control, were constructed outside for this study. Rainfall, runoff water from the decks, soils below the decks, and infiltrated water through 0.7 m depth of soil were monitored for arsenic and chromium over a period of 3 years. The concentration of the CCA-treated deck runoff for arsenic (0.114 -4.66 mg/L) and chromium (0.008 -0.470 mg/L) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the untreated deck runoff (≤ 0.002 mg/L for both). During the 3 year monitoring period, 13% of the arsenic and 1.4 % of the chromium were leached from the amount initially present in the CCA-treated wood. Arsenic levels (< 0.1 -46 mg/kg) in soils under the CCA-treated deck were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than under the untreated deck (< 0.1 -2.7 mg/kg), while chromium levels were statistically the same below the two decks (2.4 -9.6 mg/kg). Approximately 94% of the arsenic from the runoff was absorbed in the soils below the CCA-treated deck; the upper 2.5 cm of the soils captured 42% of the total. The infiltrated water concentrations for arsenic (< 0.001 -0.085 mg/L) and chromium (< 0.001 -0.010 mg/L) below the CCA-treated deck were both significantly (p < 0.001) higher than below the untreated deck (≤ 0.006 mg/L). The amounts of arsenic found in the infiltrated water below the CCA-treated deck represented 6% of total arsenic leached and less than 0.7% of the initial mass in the wood. The study demonstrated that exposure of a CCA-treated deck to rainfall resulted in elevated arsenic concentrations in both runoff and soil. Although only a relatively small fraction of the initial arsenic from the wood was found to infiltrate through the soil, these impacts were significant and caused the infiltrated water to exceed drinking water standards. The study suggests that potential

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Section: Comparison To Guideline Levelssupporting

confidence: 93%

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

Shibata

Solo‐Gabriele

Fleming

et al. 2007

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The concentrations were generally found to follow the order of Cu > As > Cr and Cu > Cr > As for the profile and surface soil samples collected at Chuncheon, respectively, while they were in the order of Cr > Cu > As for both the profile and surface soil samples collected at Hongcheon. The concentrations of Cr, Cu and As typically decreased as the depth of soil and the distance from the CCA-treated structure increased, which is in agreement with the results of previous studies 4,22,23,24) . There were also high increases in the concentrations of metals in soils collected from the two studied locations when compared with the concentrations of background soils.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Environmental Monitoring of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Soils Adjacent to CCA-Treated Wood Structures in Gangwon Province, South Korea

Abdelhafez¹,

Awad²,

Kim³

et al. 2009

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture

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Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a chemical wood preservative that has been intensively used to protect wood from decay during the last few decades. CCA is widely used to build structures such as decks, fences, playgrounds and boardwalks. However, structures constructed of CCA-treated wood have caused adverse environmental effects due to leaching of Cr, Cu and As into surrounding soils. This research was conducted to monitor the vertical and horizontal distribution of Cr, Cu and As in soils adjacent to CCA-treated wood structures in Korea. Two structures constructed with CCA-treated wood were selected at Hongcheon and Chuncheon in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Eleven soil profile samples were collected at depths of 0 to 80 cm at each site, while 12 surface soil samples were collected at distances of 0 to 200 cm from each structure. The soil chemical properties, soil particle size distribution and total metal concentrations were then determined. The results revealed that soils near CCA-treated wood structures were generally contaminated with Cr, Cu and As when compared to the background concentration of each metal. In addition, the concentrations of Cr, Cu and As in soils decreased as the vertical and horizontal distance from the structure increased. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the mobility and distribution of these metals in the environment as well as to develop novel technologies for remediation of CCA contaminated soils.

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“…This soil, which may be tracked into a home, may be enriched with high concentrations of biological material like endotoxins and allergens (Monn 2001;Montoya and Hildemann 2001). Additionally, tracked in soils may contain elevated levels of contaminants including lead, arsenic, and pesticides (Mielke 1991(Mielke , 1994Lewis et al 1994;Stillwell and Graetz 2001;Chirenje et al 2003;Kaste et al 2005). Particles less than 2.5 µm in diameter are largely products of combustion but may also contain metals and allergens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resuspension of Particulate Matter from Carpet Due to Human Activity

Rosati

Thornburg

Rodes

2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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This work investigated the resuspension and subsequent translocation of particulate matter (PM) from carpeted flooring surfaces due to walking. In addition, the effect of HVAC systems and ceiling fans on mixing and/or translocation of resuspended PM was studied. Testing took place both in a residence with a wellworn, soiled carpet and in an environmental test chamber. Prescribed walking occurred with PM measurements taken at multiple sampling heights. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of carpet fibers was used to determine the fraction of dust available for resuspension. These data, in conjunction with resuspended mass concentrations from this study, were used to generate emission factors by particle size for walking on both new and worn carpet.Carpet loading does not affect the emission factor, indicating that the amount of resuspended PM is directly proportional to the available PM in the carpet. While relative humidity (RH) plays an important role in resuspension from new carpets, with high RH enhancing resuspension, it has the opposite affect with old carpets, with increased RH decreasing resuspension. With the HVAC system on, translocated particles 1.2 m horizontally from the source had number concentrations of approximately 20-40% of those at the source. With a ceiling fan on, extensive mixing was noted with little difference seen in particle resuspension by height. With the ceiling fan off, there was very little mixing present and particle size varied substantially by height.

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Cu, Cr and As distribution in soils adjacent to pressure-treated decks, fences and poles

Cited by 81 publications

References 16 publications

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

Environmental Monitoring of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Soils Adjacent to CCA-Treated Wood Structures in Gangwon Province, South Korea

Resuspension of Particulate Matter from Carpet Due to Human Activity

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