CT Perfusion Can Predict Overexpression of CXCL8 (Interleukin-8) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background and Purpose Increased angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma correlates to more aggressive tumors with increased morbidity. As both elevated blood flow and high serum CXCL8 levels are correlated with increased angiogenesis, our objective was to see if elevated blood flow measured with CT perfusion correlated with CXCL8 levels, thereby helping to identify candidates for targeted therapies that inhibit the Bcl-2 proangiogenic pathway associated with CXCL8. Materials and Methods After IRB approval, 7 patients with locally recurrent or metastatic HNSCC were enrolled in the trial. They underwent CT perfusion and the following parameters were measured: BV, BF, CP, and MTT; relative values were calculated by dividing by normal appearing muscle. These patients also had serum drawn for CXCL8 ELISA analysis. Results There was a significant positive correlation between the CXCL8 levels and rBF (rho=0.94; p=0.01). No correlation was found between CXCL8 and rBV, rCP, or rMTT. Conclusion rBF may be useful as a surrogate marker for elevated CXCL8 in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer. Patients with elevated rBF may benefit from treatment targeting the Bcl-2 proangiogenic pathways.

Multidetector Computed Tomography Perfusion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Evaluation of a Dose Reduction Strategy

“…Several studies have determined BF, BV, PS, and MTT values in malignant SCCs of head and neck region: Tawfik et al, 10 Faggioni et al, 3 Trojanowska et al, 11 and Jo et al 12 The main reason for variability in CTp parameters in these studies is due to use of different postprocessing software provided by different vendors. 13 It is also believed that acquisition factors—tube potential, tube current, total scan time, and scan interval—all play a role in determination of perfusion parameters.…”

Identification of Dysregulated Pathways and key genes in Human Retinal Angiogenesis using Microarray Metadata

“…We observe the downregulation of other DEGs c-Met, RAS, ERK, Elk1 and STAT3 that could affect the VEGFA dependent angiogenesis 52 . The upregulated DEGs ITFRSF25, TNFRSF4, CCL23, CCL26, and CX3CL1 of cytokine-cytokine interaction pathway is reportedly activating PI3K/AKT pathway 55–59 , which in turn induces the angiogenesis through activating mTOR 54 and NFKB pathway 60 . The upregulated DEGs IL18RAP and CXCL1has shown to modulates the NFKB and thus induces the angiogenesis.…”

Combined PET/CT-perfusion in patients with head and neck cancers might predict failure after radio-chemotherapy: a proof of concept study

“…It is already known that elevated blood flow on CTP is correlated with angiogenesis, microvessel density (MVD) and increased tumor vascularity, and is has been found to be correlated with tumor recurrence and the tumor’s ability to metastasize also in HNSCC [ 6 , 7 , 12 ]. Several studies also investigated the ability of CTP to predict therapy success in HNSCC and it was found that patients with decreased perfusion showed higher local recurrences [ 13 ] and higher perfusion (BV and BF) correlated with improved chemotherapy response [ 14 ].…”

“…It was shown that CTP has a positive correlation with microvessel density and can therefore partly reflect neo-angiogenesis in tumors. Furthermore, prognostic impact has been found in several studies evaluating CTP in head and neck cancer as well as in other tumor entities [ 1 , 4 – 7 ].…”

“…Even if CTP and its potential use has been evaluated for several years, it has not been widely used in clinical routine so far. On the other hand, FDG-PET/CT is a broadly used imaging procedure for oncological staging, therapy follow-up and evaluation of prognosis in a wide variety of cancer as well as head and neck cancer [ 7 – 9 ].…”