CS gas injury to the eye

Yih, Jean-Paul

doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7000.276

Cited by 53 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation or photophobia persist, ophthalmologic consultation should be sought. Older subjects should be monitored for symptoms and signs of acute glaucoma (Yih 1995).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposed areas of skin should be washed with soap and water thoroughly. Contaminated clothing should be removed and placed in plastic bags and washed with cool water and washing powder (Yih 1995).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon ocular exposure, CS causes intense irritation of the ocular mucosa resulting in lacrimation, blepharospasm, conjunctival erythema, and periorbital edema (Vaca et al 1996;Yih 1995). These symptoms are more severe in victims wearing contact lenses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Report of accidental CS ingestion among seven patients in central Israel and review of the current literature

Solomon

Kochba

Eizenkraft

et al. 2003

Archives of Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A report of seven people who accidentally drank a juice contaminated with CS (o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) is given. Due to its mucosal irritating properties, CS (also known as "tear gas") is commonly used by policemen and soldiers in riot control. However, only a few reports of its ingestion by humans exist. Ingestion of CS may cause immediate irritation of the oral mucosa and gastrointestinal symptoms later on. Damage of internal organs, which has been shown in animals but only rarely in humans, is probably related to the dose ingested. The extensive use of CS gas merits recognition of the signs and symptoms of its exposure in order to reduce anxiety in both patients and medical staff and to facilitate fast and efficient management.

show abstract

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Report of accidental CS ingestion among seven patients in central Israel and review of the current literature

Solomon

Kochba

Eizenkraft

et al. 2003

Archives of Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the modalities for controlling the situation is the use of tear gas. The injuries reportedly caused by it are mainly related to eyes, however other injuries and even death have also been reported [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Injury Caused by Tear Gas Cartridge in Teenage Population

Abrar

Zargar²,

Ramzan³

et al. 2010

Pediatr Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the head injury in children caused by an unusual projectile, a tear gas cartridge. The study is the only one on this subject which has been done in a teenage population. Method: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 4 years in which all the patients aged less than or equal to 18 years and who had a head injury due to a tear gas cartridge were included. Results: We had 5 patients in our study group. All the patients were males. Commonest CT scan finding was brain contusion with skull fracture. One of our patients died. One patient continues to be in vegetative state whereas 3 had a good outcome. Conclusion: Tear gas cartridge, though considered as one of the benign modalities of controlling agitated crowds, is not really benign. It can cause serious injuries and mortality. The personnel using them might be trained in a better way so that the people do not receive direct hits. In addition some changes in the design of tear gas cartridge can be done to decrease the impact to the skull.

show abstract

“…Aerosol application of chemical irritants for bird management follows the same principle as tear gases used for human crowd control (Yih, 1995;Anderson et al, 1996;Stevens and Clark, 1998), and a strong irritation response by European starlings (Sturnus twl<qlaris) to aerosol bursts of MA formulations was demonstrated in research trials by Stevens and Clark (1998), with no evidence of habituation. MA fog, applied over multiple nights, has driven starlings and common grackles (Quisculus qui.7-CUICI) from roost sites (Vogt, 1997), and airport hangers (Vogt, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl anthranilate aerosol for dispersing birds from the flight lines at Homestead Air Reserve Station

Engeman¹,

Peterla²,

Constantin³

2002

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The failure of traditional hazing methods to provide a lasting dispersal of birds from the flight lines at Homestead Air Reserve Station, Florida led to trials with Rejex-it ® TP-40 methyl anthranilate (MA) formulation as an aerosol. A variety of civil, military and other government aircraft use the base, including combat aircraft which are particularly prone to bird airstrikes due to low altitude, high speed flights. Migrating swallows and killdeer congregate at the airfield to forage on insects, and the large numbers of birds cause restrictions in airfield operations because of potential strike hazards with aircraft. MA applied by fogger upwind of the areas to be protected was found to provide a dispersal lasting the remainder of the day. The median time from imposition of airfield restrictions on flight operations to a declaration of a low bird hazard potential was approximately 45 min, and 75% of applications resulted in removal of airfield restrictions within 1.5 h.

show abstract

CS gas injury to the eye

Cited by 53 publications

References 3 publications

Report of accidental CS ingestion among seven patients in central Israel and review of the current literature

Report of accidental CS ingestion among seven patients in central Israel and review of the current literature

Head Injury Caused by Tear Gas Cartridge in Teenage Population

Methyl anthranilate aerosol for dispersing birds from the flight lines at Homestead Air Reserve Station

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About