“…To probe the evolution of the valence of vanadium and the existence of potassium during the cycle, XPS analysis was performed. In Figure a, the presence of potassium is evidenced in the XPS spectrum for the discharged electrode, while they are absent for the pristine and recharged samples, also confirming the reversibility. In Figure b, V 2p spin‐orbit spectra are exhibited, with binding energies of V 4+ 2p 3/2 , V 5+ 2p 3/2 , V 4+ 2p 1/2 , and V 5+ 2p 1/2 , at 516.3, 517.5, 523.4, and 524.6 eV, respectively .…”