Crystallographic phase evolution of ternary Zn–Ti–O nanomaterials during high-temperature annealing of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites

Liang, Yuan‐Chang; Hu, Chi‐Ming; Liang, Yung-Ching

doi:10.1039/c2ce25347j

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…S3b illustrates that the Zn 2p3 peak is centered at approximately 1023 eV that can be best fitted using three Gaussian curves at 1022.23, 1022.97 and 1023.84 eV which may be ascribed to the different ZneO(eAl) and ZneO(eLa) bonds in the crystal lattice. These values are consistent with the reported binding energies for Zn 2þ in the bulk zinc oxide [44]. Similarly, it was found that the peaks at about 1023 and 1022 eV can be assigned to octahedral and tetrahedral Zn 2þ ions, respectively [45]; thus, the ratio of octahedral/tetrahedral peak areas (Zn [6]/Zn [4]) was determined from the peaks located near 1023 and 1022 eV in order to find the type of zinc ferrite (ZnFe 2 O 4 ) spinel material.…”

Section: Xps Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and characterization of novel spinel Zn 1.114 La 1.264 Al 0.5 O 4.271 nanoparticles

Shariatinia‬

Sardsahra

2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Section: Xps Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and characterization of novel spinel Zn 1.114 La 1.264 Al 0.5 O 4.271 nanoparticles

Shariatinia‬

Sardsahra

2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Moreover, the Bragg reections of the SnO 2 phase were absent in the XRD pattern, revealing that the SnO 2 was fully transformed into the ZTO phase during the hightemperature solid-state reaction with the ZnO core. A successful formation of ternary Zn-Ti-O compound from the solidstate reaction of the constituent binary compounds in a onedimensional structure has been reported in ZnO-TiO 2 system with a temperature higher than 800 C. 18 Moreover, it has been shown that the solid-state reaction between ZnO and SnO 2 generate a phase formation of the ternary ZTO when the annealing temperature is higher than 900 C. 21 The XRD results herein demonstrated that the annealing temperature of 900 C in this study is enough to induce the solid-state reaction between the ZnO core and SnO 2 shell of the composite nanorods and the formation of the ZTO shell layer on the residual ZnO core. the {110} and {200} lattice plane of the tetragonal SnO 2 structure, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature solid-state reaction induced structure modifications and associated photoactivity and gas-sensing performance of binary oxide one-dimensional composite system

Liang

2017

RSC Adv.

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The effects of high-temperature solid-state reactions on the microstructures, optical properties, photoactivity, and low-concentration NO 2 gas-sensing sensitivity of ZnO-SnO 2 core-shell nanorods were investigated. In this study, the ZnO-SnO 2 core-shell nanorods were synthesized through a combination of the hydrothermal method and vacuum sputtering. According to X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses, high-temperature solid-state reactions between the SnO 2 shell and ZnO core materials at 900 C engendered an ultrathin SnO 2 shell layer for transforming into the ternary Zn 2 SnO 4 (ZTO) phase. Moreover, surface roughening was involved in the high-temperature solidstate reactions, as determined from electron microscopy images. Comparatively, the ZnO-ZTO nanorods have a higher oxygen vacancy density near the nanostructure surfaces than do the ZnO-SnO 2 nanorods.The photodegradation of rhodamine B dyes under simulated solar light irradiation in presence of the ZnO-SnO 2 and ZnO-ZTO nanorods revealed that the ZnO-ZTO nanorods have a higher photocatalytic activity than do the ZnO-SnO 2 nanorods. Furthermore, the ZnO-ZTO nanorods exhibited higher gassensing sensitivity than did the ZnO-SnO 2 nanorods on exposure to low-concentration NO 2 gases. The substantial differences in the microstructure and optical properties between the ZnO-SnO 2 and ZnO-ZTO nanorods accounted for the photocatalytic activity and NO 2 gas-sensing results obtained in this study.

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“…The periphery of the sheet-like Sn 2 S 3 became rough and passivated after the postannealing procedure. Such a transformation in the morphology of a solid thin-film surface after various postannealing procedures has been attributed to factors such as the phase changes, the composition changes, or the growth of the grain size during postannealing procedures [18, 19]. Figure 2a, b shows XRD patterns of the Sn 2 S 3 thin film with and without a postannealing procedure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible photoassisted room-temperature oxidizing gas-sensing behavior of Sn2S3 semiconductor sheets through facile thermal annealing

2016

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Well-crystallized Sn2S3 semiconductor thin films with a highly (111)-crystallographic orientation were grown using RF sputtering. The surface morphology of the Sn2S3 thin films exhibited a sheet-like feature. The Sn2S3 crystallites with a sheet-like surface had a sharp periphery with a thickness in a nanoscale size, and the crystallite size ranged from approximately 150 to 300 nm. Postannealing the as-synthesized Sn2S3 thin films further in ambient air at 400 °C engendered roughened and oxidized surfaces on the Sn2S3 thin films. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the surfaces of the Sn2S3 thin films transformed into a SnO2 phase, and well-layered Sn2S3–SnO2 heterostructure thin films were thus formed. The Sn2S3–SnO2 heterostructure thin film exhibited a visible photoassisted room-temperature gas-sensing behavior toward low concentrations of NO2 gases (0.2–2.5 ppm). By contrast, the pure Sn2S3 thin film exhibited an unapparent room-temperature NO2 gas-sensing behavior under illumination. The suitable band alignment at the interface of the Sn2S3–SnO2 heterostructure thin film and rough surface features might explain the visible photoassisted room-temperature NO2 gas-sensing responses of the heterostructure thin film on exposure to NO2 gas at low concentrations in this work.

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Crystallographic phase evolution of ternary Zn–Ti–O nanomaterials during high-temperature annealing of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis and characterization of novel spinel Zn 1.114 La 1.264 Al 0.5 O 4.271 nanoparticles

Synthesis and characterization of novel spinel Zn 1.114 La 1.264 Al 0.5 O 4.271 nanoparticles

High-temperature solid-state reaction induced structure modifications and associated photoactivity and gas-sensing performance of binary oxide one-dimensional composite system

Visible photoassisted room-temperature oxidizing gas-sensing behavior of Sn2S3 semiconductor sheets through facile thermal annealing

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