Crystallographic Evaluation of Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steel with Various Degrees of Sensitization

Fujii, Tomoyuki; Furumoto, Takaya; Tohgo, Keiichiro; Shimamura, Yoshinobu

doi:10.3390/ma13030613

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…18 Note that LAGBs are known to have a lower corrosion rate than high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) in conventional austenitic steels. 97,98 with improved pitting resistance. 99 Grain boundaries in general, and HAGBs in particular, can affect pitting nucleation susceptibility in several ways.…”

Section: Grain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting Corrosion in 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Review and Perspective

Voisin

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2022

JOM

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Abstract316L stainless steel (316L SS) is a flagship material for structural applications in corrosive environments, having been extensively studied for decades for its favorable balance between mechanical and corrosion properties. More recently, 316L SS has also proven to have excellent printability when parts are produced with additive manufacturing techniques, notably laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Because of the harsh thermo-mechanical cycles experienced during rapid solidification and cooling, LPBF processing tends to generate unique microstructures. Strong heterogeneities can be found inside grains, including trapped elements, nano-inclusions, and a high density of dislocations that form the so-called cellular structure. Interestingly, LPBF 316L SS not only exhibits better mechanical properties than its conventionally processed counterpart, but it also usually offers much higher resistance to pitting in chloride solutions. Unfortunately, the complexity of the LPBF microstructures, in addition to process-induced defects, such as porosity and surface roughness, have slowed progress toward linking specific microstructural features to corrosion susceptibility and complicated the development of calibrated simulations of pitting phenomena. The first part of this article is dedicated to an in-depth review of the microstructures found in LPBF 316L SS and their potential effects on the corrosion properties, with an emphasis on pitting resistance. The second part offers a perspective of some relevant modeling techniques available to simulate the corrosion of LPBF 316L SS, including current challenges that should be overcome.

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Section: Grain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting Corrosion in 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Review and Perspective

Voisin

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2022

JOM

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“…However, due to the small atomic radius of Cl, it can easily accumulate at defects on the metal surface and even penetrate the protective film, causing pitting corrosion. 36 , 37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the small atomic radius of Cl, it can easily accumulate at defects on the metal surface and even penetrate the protective film, causing pitting corrosion. 36,37 As shown in Figure 5, it indicates that the corrosion morphology of different materials in the same environment is different. Specifically, pitting corrosion dominates in SP2215, intergranular corrosion occurs in TP347H and Sanicro25, while HT700T is uniformly corrosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, when SO 2 and HCl are present in the flue gas at the same time, SO 2 is able to form a dense protective sulfate film on the metal surface in preference to HCl. However, due to the small atomic radius of Cl, it can easily accumulate at defects on the metal surface and even penetrate the protective film, causing pitting corrosion. , …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Behavior of High-Cr–Ni Materials in Biomass Incineration Atmospheres

et al. 2022

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In this paper, the corrosion test of high-Cr–Ni tubes was carried out in a biomass incinerator by replacing the original heated surface tube with a test tube. The investigated materials are high-Cr–Ni stainless steels (TP347H, SP2215, and Sanicro25) and alloy (HT700T). Long-term services (>4000 h) to investigate the corrosion rates and corrosion characteristics of the materials have been carried out. The appearance, element content, and composition of corrosion products after corrosion of the specimens were analyzed. Analysis indicates that the deposits are mainly composed of alkali metal salts, iron oxides, iron sulfates, and complex salts. Moreover, the corrosion morphology of the materials with different Cr–Ni contents varies greatly. TP347H has a high corrosion rate (0.11 mm/1000 h) with intergranular corrosion cracks and pitting on the windward side. However, the corrosion pattern of HT700T is comprehensive corrosion and the corrosion rate is low (0.015 mm/1000 h). Using corrosion rate as a criterion for corrosion resistance, HT700T has the highest corrosion resistance, while TP347H has the lowest. The corrosion behavior is also related to the corrosion resistance index (CI) value based on the content of critical elements. The order of material corrosion resistance predicted by the CI value is the same as reflected by the corrosion rate.

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“…According to Stonawská et al, the structural sensitization of 316 L steel is due to the precipitation of secondary phases along the grain boundaries [59]. The studies of Liu et al regarding 316 L steels [60] and Fujii et al [61] regarding 304 steel, also supports this statement. According to Liu et al [62], the chromium-depleted zones near grain boundaries represent the corrosion nucleation sites for austenitic steels.…”

Section: #750_2mentioning

confidence: 92%

Corrosion Susceptibility and Allergy Potential of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Reclaru¹,

Ardelean

2020

Materials

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Although called stainless steels, austenitic steels are sensitive to localized corrosion, namely pitting, crevice, and intergranular form. Seventeen grades of steel were tested for localized corrosion. Steels were also tested in general corrosion and in galvanic couplings (steels–precious alloys) used in watchmaking applications. The evaluations have been carried out in accordance with the ASTM standards which specifically concern the forms of corrosion namely, general (B117-97, salt fog test), pitting (G48-11, FeCl3), crevice (F746-87) and intergranular (A262-15, Strauss chemical test and G108-94, Electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test). All tests revealed sensitivity to corrosion. We have noticed that the transverse face is clearly more sensitive than the longitudinal face, in the direction of rolling process. The same conclusion has been drawn from the tests of nickel release. It should be pointed out that, despite the fact that the grade of steel is in conformity with the classification standards, the behavior is very different from one manufacturer to another, due to parameters dependent on the production process, such as casting volume, alloying additions, and deoxidizing agents. The quantities of nickel released are related to the operations involved in the manufacturing process. Heat treatments reduce the quantities of nickel released. The surface state has little influence on the release. The hardening procedures increase the quantities of nickel released. The quantities of released nickel are influenced by the inclusionary state and the existence of the secondary phases in the steel structure. Another aspect is related to the strong dispersion of results concerning nickel release and corrosion behavior of raw materials.

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Crystallographic Evaluation of Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steel with Various Degrees of Sensitization

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Pitting Corrosion in 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Review and Perspective

Pitting Corrosion in 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Review and Perspective

Corrosion Behavior of High-Cr–Ni Materials in Biomass Incineration Atmospheres

Corrosion Susceptibility and Allergy Potential of Austenitic Stainless Steels

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