Corrosion Susceptibility and Allergy Potential of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Reclaru, Lucien; Ardelean, Lavinia

doi:10.3390/ma13184187

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Our previous studies showed that the transverse surface is clearly more sensitive than the longitudinal one in the rolling direction [16][17][18], a fact also supported by Nickel release tests [16][17][18].…”

Section: Detection Of Susceptibility To Intergranular Corrosion (The Strauss Test)mentioning

confidence: 62%

Evaluation of Passivation Process for Stainless Steel Hypotubes Used in Coronary Angioplasty Technique

Reclaru

Ardelean

2021

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In the manufacturing of hypotubes for coronary applications, austenitic steels of types 304, 304, or 316 L are being used. The manufacturing process involves bending steel strips into tubes and the continuous longitudinal welding of the tubes. Manufacturing also includes heat treatments and stretching operations to achieve an external/internal diameter of 0.35/0.23 mm, with a tolerance of +/− 0.01 mm. Austenitic steels are sensitive to localized corrosion (pitting, crevice, and intergranular) that results from the welding process and various heat treatments. An extremely important step is the cleaning and the internal and external passivation of the hypotube surface. During patient interventions, there is a high risk of metal cations being released in contact with human blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of passivation and corrosion resistance by using electrochemical methods and specific intergranular corrosion tests (the Strauss test). There were difficulties in passivating the hypotubes and assessing the corrosion phenomena in the interior of the tubes. Assessments were made by plotting the open circuit potential curves and exploring the polarization curves in the Tafel domain range of −50 mV vs Ecorr (redox potential) and +150 mV vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE, reference micro-electrode) for both the external and the internal surfaces of the hypotubes. The tested hypotubes did not exhibit intergranular corrosion, as mass losses were low and, in general, close to the limit of the analytical balance. Electrochemical techniques made the differentiation of the passivation state of the tested hypotubes possible. The measured currents were of the order of nano–pico amperes, and the quantities of electrical charges consumed for corrosion were of the order of micro–nano coulombs.

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Section: Detection Of Susceptibility To Intergranular Corrosion (The Strauss Test)mentioning

confidence: 62%

Evaluation of Passivation Process for Stainless Steel Hypotubes Used in Coronary Angioplasty Technique

Reclaru

Ardelean

2021

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“…Corrosion rate was determined via potentiostate (G 750) using the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution having 7.4 pH in the voltage range of −0.3 to 0.3 V. The composition of the SBF was prepared according to the kukuboo recipe as given in Table 3 [51]. Preparation of samples (i.e., the working electrodes) were done by following ASTM G108-94 standard [52] and analyzed at 37 • C as shown in Figure 3. Tafel curves were plotted at a rate of 1 mv/sec to find the current-density and potential.…”

Section: Corrosion Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti-Sn Alloy for Orthopedic Application

2021

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Titanium (Ti)-based alloys (e.g., Ti6Al4V) are widely used in orthopedic implant applications owing to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, their corrosion resistance needs to be optimized. In addition, the presence of aluminum and vanadium cause alzheimer and cancer, respectively. Therefore, in this study, titanium-based alloys were developed via powder metallurgy route. In these alloys, the Al and V were replaced with tin (Sn) which was the main aim of this study. Four sets of samples were prepared by varying Sn contents, i.e., 5 to 20 wt. %. This was followed by characterization techniques including laser particle analyzer (LPA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), computerized potentiostate, vicker hardness tester, and nanoindenter. Results demonstrate the powder sizes between 50 and 55 µm exhibiting very good densification after sintering. The alloy contained alpha at all concentrations of Sn. However, as Sn content in the alloy exceeded from 10 wt. %, the formation of intermetallic compounds was significant. Thus, the presence of such intermetallic phases are attributed to enhanced elastic modulus. In particular, when Sn content was between 15 and 20 wt. % a drastic increase in elastic modulus was observed thereby surpassing the standard/reference alloy (Ti6Al4V). However, at 10 wt. % of Sn, the elastic modulus is more or less comparable to reference counterpart. Similarly, hardness was also increased in an ascending order upon Sn addition, i.e., 250 to 310 HV. Specifically, at 10 wt. % Sn, the hardness was observed to be 250 HV which is quite near to reference alloy, i.e., 210 HV. Moreover, tensile strength (TS) of the alloys were calculated using hardness values since it was very difficult to prepare the test coupons using powders. The TS values were in the range of 975 to 1524 MPa at all concentrations of Sn. In particular, the TS at 10 wt. % Sn is 1149 MPa which is comparable to reference counterpart (1168 MPa). The corrosion rate of Titanium-Sn alloys (as of this study) and reference alloy, i.e., Ti6Al4V were also compared. Incorporation of Sn reduced the corrosion rate at large than that of reference counterpart. In particular, the trend was in decreasing order as Sn content increased from 5 to 20 wt. %. The minimum corrosion rate of 3.65 × 10−9 mm/year was noticed at 20 wt. % than that of 0.03 mm/year of reference alloy. This shows the excellent corrosion resistance upon addition of Sn at all concentrations.

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“…The different manufacturing processes and operations of austenitic steel definitely have an impact on the quantities of nickel released. For example, an important variation in the quantities of Ni released from steels [9,10] was associated with the chemical composition, which depends majorly on the manufacturer. The nickel ions release can be controlled through heat treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Galvanic and Crevice Corrosion of Watch Case Middle (1.4435 Steel) and Bottom (Panacea® Steel) Assembly Supposed to Be in Prolonged Contact with the Skin

Reclaru¹,

Cotruț

Vrânceanu

et al. 2023

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Today, laws protecting the population at the global level aim to minimize the induction risk of allergies to type IV contact dermatitis. In the European population, the prevalence of nickel allergy is at 10%–15% of adult females and 1%–3% of adult males. A total of 30% of nickel-sensitive people in the general population develop hand eczema. This study concerns the possibility of assembling a bottom of nickel-free austenitic steel (Panacea®) in a watch case middle made of a grade of austenitic steels, steel 316L (DIN 1.44359), to avoid the risks of Ni release and to develop a galvanic pile between these two dissimilar materials. Two types of methods were used: direct measurements and prediction techniques (mixed potentials theory). For the degradation of thbottom-middle watch assembly, Nielsen–Tuccillo tests were performed, and Ni release measurements according to EN 1811 completed the study. All direct electrochemical investigations and galvanic current prediction measurements show low current values of 40–400 nA. Measurements of nickel release of Panacea® and 316L reveal small quantities of nickel, much lower than the 0.5 µg/cm2 per week that the European legislation enforces. The nickel-free steel Panacea® in the work hardening conditions 280, 427, and 510 HV0.1s were also studied. The cation extractions reveal the large quantities released from Cr, Mo, Mn, and Fe, so there is a risk of toxicity in contact with the skin.

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Corrosion Susceptibility and Allergy Potential of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluation of Passivation Process for Stainless Steel Hypotubes Used in Coronary Angioplasty Technique

Evaluation of Passivation Process for Stainless Steel Hypotubes Used in Coronary Angioplasty Technique

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti-Sn Alloy for Orthopedic Application

Evaluation of Galvanic and Crevice Corrosion of Watch Case Middle (1.4435 Steel) and Bottom (Panacea® Steel) Assembly Supposed to Be in Prolonged Contact with the Skin

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