Crystallization of pentacene thin films on polymeric dielectrics

Moser, A.; Flesch, Heinz-Georg; Neuhold, Alfred; Marchl, Marco; Außerlechner, Simon Josef; Edler, Matthias; Grießer, Thomas; Haase, A.; Smilgies, Detlef‐M.; Jakabovič, J.; Resel, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.09.027

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The large mosaicity of the Tyrian purple crystallites grown on the polymer surfaces is likely due to the soft nature and the higher roughnesses of these surfaces compared to silicon oxide. Note that a similar preferred orientation of large mosaicity was also reported for the growth of pentacene on polymer surfaces [18].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…in thin films of pentacene [15] or α-sexithiophene [16]. Similar observations were reported for the preferred orientation of pentacene on polymeric surfaces; a clear change of the thin film morphology and nucleation density was observed as a function of the surface energy [17,18,19]. On polar surfaces, the growth mode was observed to be essentially two-dimensional in nature, while, in contrast, more three-dimensional growth in the form of molecular islands occurs on non-polar surfaces; this behavior can be related to the diffusivity of the molecules across the substrate surface upon deposition [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…On polar surfaces, the growth mode was observed to be essentially two-dimensional in nature, while, in contrast, more three-dimensional growth in the form of molecular islands occurs on non-polar surfaces; this behavior can be related to the diffusivity of the molecules across the substrate surface upon deposition [20,21]. However, in contrast to the film morphology, the preferred orientation of the molecules (and, therefore, that of the crystallites) appears to be unaffected by the surface energy [17,18,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization of Tyrian purple (6,6′-dibromoindigo) thin films: The impact of substrate surface modifications

Truger

Jones

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et al. 2016

Journal of Crystal Growth

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The pigment 6,6'-dibromoindigo (Tyrian purple) shows strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the film formation is, therefore, expected to be influenced by the polar character of the substrate surface. Thin films of Tyrian purple were prepared by physical vapor deposition on a variety of substrates with different surface energies: from highly polar silicon dioxide surfaces to hydrophobic polymer surfaces. The crystallographic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques such as X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. In all cases, crystallites with "standing" molecules relative to the substrate surface were observed independently of the substrate surface energy. In the case of polymer surfaces, additional crystallites are formed containing "lying" molecules with their aromatic planes parallel to the substrate surface. Small differences in the crystallographic lattice constants were observed as a function of substrate surface energy, the corresponding small changes in the molecular packing are explained by a variation of the hydrogen bond geometries. This work reveals that despite the limited influence of the surface energy on the molecular orientation, the crystalline packing of Tyrian purple within thin films is altered and slightly different structures form.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization of Tyrian purple (6,6′-dibromoindigo) thin films: The impact of substrate surface modifications

Truger

Jones

Coclite

et al. 2016

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…These diffraction results therefore confirm the conventional findings. 56,57,[72][73][74] Thin Film Growth in Air. Next, influences of environmental conditions of a film preparation process on the thin film growth are discussed as follows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Crystallization Process in Solution-Processed Pentacene Thin Films by Chemical Conversion Reactions

et al. 2021

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Solution-processable organic semiconductors having bulky substituent groups on the π-conjugated skeleton are rapidly gaining attention for their potential applications to large-area electronics. While the substituent groups contribute to the good solubility in organic solvents, they give rise to hopping sites in a thin film, affecting adversely the charge-carrier transport. As an alternative material, a solvent-soluble precursor compound with thermally cleavable functional groups is promising, which can be converted by heat treatment into a thin film to generate the desired material consisting solely of conjugated systems. This precursor approach is practically applied to various thin-film-based devices. The overall process of the thin film growth, however, remains unrevealed. In the present study, solution-processed pentacene thin films are prepared from a thermally convertible precursor, and the structural evolution during the chemical conversion reaction has been revealed by a combination of cutting-edge analytical tools of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction (2D-GIXD) and p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS). The highlight is that pentacene is crystallized in a stepwise manner in the thermally converted films, which is substantially different from a typical growth process. In addition, influences of the oxidation reaction of pentacene on the molecular arrangement are also discussed quantitatively. This study provides a fundamental schematic of thin films grown by the precursor method.

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“…20−23 Moreover, some recent results show that Campbell phase crystallites not only grow with their 001 contact plane parallel to the thin film polymorph, but additionally with their 001 contact plane inclined by well-defined angles of 5°, 10°, or 13°. 24−26 While homoepitaxy between the 001 TF (thin film) and 001 C (Campbell) planes might appear obvious, the appearance of inclined structures on the terraced 3D islands is surprising, and the mechanisms behind their formation remain unresolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Limited Growth in Pentacene Thin Films

Pachmajer

Jones

Truger

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Pentacene is one of the most studied organic semiconducting materials. While many aspects of the film formation have already been identified in very thin films, this study provides new insight into the transition from the metastable thin-film phase to bulk phase polymorphs. This study focuses on the growth behavior of pentacene within thin films as a function of film thickness ranging from 20 to 300 nm. By employing various X-ray diffraction methods, combined with supporting atomic force microscopy investigations, one crystalline orientation for the thin-film phase is observed, while three differently tilted bulk phase orientations are found. First, bulk phase crystallites grow with their 00L planes parallel to the substrate surface; second, however, crystallites tilted by 0.75° with respect to the substrate are found, which clearly dominate the former in ratio; third, a different bulk phase polymorph with crystallites tilted by 21° is found. The transition from the thin-film phase to the bulk phase is rationalized by the nucleation of the latter at crystal facets of the thin-film-phase crystallites. This leads to a self-limiting growth of the thin-film phase and explains the thickness-dependent phase behavior observed in pentacene thin films, showing that a large amount of material is present in the bulk phase much earlier during the film growth than previously thought.

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Crystallization of pentacene thin films on polymeric dielectrics

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Crystallization of Tyrian purple (6,6′-dibromoindigo) thin films: The impact of substrate surface modifications

Crystallization of Tyrian purple (6,6′-dibromoindigo) thin films: The impact of substrate surface modifications

Monitoring of Crystallization Process in Solution-Processed Pentacene Thin Films by Chemical Conversion Reactions

Self-Limited Growth in Pentacene Thin Films

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