Crystallization of calcium carbonate in a large-scale push–pull heat storage test in the Upper Jurassic carbonate aquifer

Abstract

The efficiency of geothermal power generation sites as well as aquifer thermal energy storage in carbonate aquifers is still affected by precipitations of calcium carbonate polymorphs (Lee 2013; Mundhenk et al. 2013; Ueckert and Baumann 2019). Precipitation of calcium carbonate in geothermal systems is mainly caused by temperature and pressure changes (Baumann et al. 2017). Precipitates of a geothermal or thermal energy storage system are usually investigated by analyzing the occurring scalings (see e.g., Wanner et al. 2017). On the other hand, there are only very few studies addressing crystallization processes or the particle load of geothermal water (Ueckert 2016; Wolfgramm et al. 2011). As a consequence, little is

Dynamic Earth Energy Storage: Terawatt-year, Grid-scale Energy Storage Using Planet Earth as a Thermal Battery (GeoTES): Phase I Project (Final Report)

“…The injected water was amended with CO 2 to suppress the precipitation of carbonate minerals. Detailed thermal and geochemical modeling studies were conducted to assess how the Malm reservoir would perform as an HT-ATES (Ueckert and Baumann, 2019;Ueckert et al, 2020). Analysis of the push-pull tests indicated a lower-than-expected thermal recovery from the system.…”

Influence of foreign salts on the CaCO3 pre-nucleation stage: application of the conductometric method

“…Crystallization has been studied under well-defined laboratory conditions for more than a century 1 and is still a main research topic. 2 One of the most unwanted crystallization phenomena is the scaling process, which involves the formation of calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 , in water distribution systems.…”

CaCO3 Precipitation Kinetics in the System CaCl2–CO2–Mg(OH)2–H2O for Comprehensive Utilization of Soda Production Wastes

“…The precipitation of calcium carbonate is a widely occurring process in nature as well as an important operation in industry. In various chemical industries, a large quantity of calcium carbonate is used as inorganic filler for paper, plastics, rubber, and other materials, but different uses depend on different physical and chemical properties. , Calcium carbonate nucleates in three crystalline forms including calcite, aragonite, and vaterite and in different particle morphologies or shapes for these polymorphs. − There are two methods commonly used to investigate the precipitation of CaCO 3 . − One is the liquid–liquid method which involves a direct reaction between Ca 2+ and CO 3 2– ions in an aqueous solution. The other is the solid–liquid–gas route.…”