Crystallization of All Trans–b–carotene by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Antisolvent via Co–axial Nozzle

Abstract

The crystallization of -carotene through supercritical antisolvent process with carbon dioxide (CO2) as an antisolvent has been demonstrated. The experiments were conducted at temperatures of 40-60 o C and pressures of 10-14 MPa at a constant CO2 flow rate. As a starting material, -carotene powder was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM). Results of UV-vis spectrophotometry and GC-MS analysis showed that there was no remaining DCM solvent in the -carotene particles products. It showed that CO2 has successfully removed DCM from -carotene particles products. The product characterization by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the CO2 solvent did not impregnate to the -carotene particles products. Results from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the -carotene particles products were successfully prepared in plate-like shape morphologies with size around 1 m.

Improved Carotenoid Processing with Sustainable Solvents Utilizing Z-Isomerization-Induced Alteration in Physicochemical Properties: A Review and Future Directions

“…To the best of our knowledge, improved micronization efficiency of carotenoids utilizing alterations in the physicochemical properties by Z -isomerization has been reported only for the method using SC-CO 2 [117]. Particle micronization techniques using SC-CO 2 , supercritical antisolvent (SAS), solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS), rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), gas antisolvent (GAS), supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions (SFEE), and particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS) have been well-documented [118,119,120,121,122]. Several studies have examined the micronization of carotenoids using the above techniques; however, there was difficulty in obtaining nano-sized carotenoid particles [123,124,125].…”

Formation of Fine Particles from Curcumin/PVP by the Supercritical Antisolvent Process with a Coaxial Nozzle

“…Due to this process, at supercritical conditions, CO 2 as an antisolvent may reduce the size of curcumin−PVP particle products. 6,20,21,23,24 On the contrary, the morphology and the size of the collected particle products from the curcumin feed solution without PVP addition does not seem to change after treatment by the SC−CO 2 antisolvent (see Figure 1c). They have flake morphologies with a size larger than 1 μm.…”

“…By utilizing this device, the agglomeration of precipitated particle products also can be reduced due to fact that the velocity of two coaxial flows may be adjusted independently. 14,20,21 ■ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1 illustrates the powders of PVP (Figure 1a) and curcumin (Figure 1b) before treatment by the SC−CO 2 antisolvent and the collected particle products from curcumin feed solution without (Figure 1c) and with (Figure 1d) PVP after treatment by the SC−CO 2 antisolvent. It could be seen that the raw materials of curcumin and PVP seem to have flakes and spherical or wrinkled spherical morphologies, respectively.…”

Mean Aspects Controlling Supercritical CO2 Precipitation Processes

“…Numerous investigations in particle formation with supercritical fluids have been carried out to shed light the parameter to govern the crystallization mechanism using CO 2 as antisolvent (SAS) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] or as solvent (RESS) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…SAS technique has been investigated using solutes in a wide range of industrial fields with applications as polymers [30,31], explosives [32], pharmaceutical compounds [2,3], superconductors [33], catalysts [34], coloring matter [35], and functional food [6,7], among others. On the other hand, the application of RESS technique has been enclosed to pharmaceutical field [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”