Crystallization mechanism and catalytic performance of TS-1 synthesized by an aerosol-assisted method

Gripper-like Silicon Species for Efficient Synthesis of Crystalline Metallosilicates with Spatially Homogeneous Heteroatoms in the Framework

“…It indicated that the surface of T-TS-1 zeolite was rich in silicon, in agreement with the previous study. 83 In a word, the above results indicated the transfer rate from the liquid phase to the solid phase of silicon species was faster than that of titanium species during the whole crystallization process, which caused the inhomogeneity distribution of Ti atoms. 40 Figure S13 shows that the contents of titanium species of T-TS-1 zeolite increased with the increase of etching time, but all the Si/Ti ratios were higher than the overall Si/Ti ratio (57, Table S4 entry 6).…”

“…The results suggested that the silicon-rich T-TS-1 was formed in the late stage of the crystallization process, in agreement with the results reported in the literature. 83 Generally speaking, on one hand, there was a similar point between the CDC method and the traditional method. The obvious mass transfer of the silicon and titanium species from the liquid phase to the solid phase was the typical characteristic of the previously reported liquid-phase transformation mechanism.…”

Steam-Assisted in Situ Prepared TS-1 with Hierarchical Pores and Tunable Acid Sites Grown on Carbon Nanotubes Decorated Nickel Foam

“…Compared with CTS-1 (88.92%), MTS-1S has a higher crystallinity. Because of the in situ steam-assisted crystallization process, CNT/NF provides part of nucleation sites, , which increases the rate of crystallization. The relative crystallinities of MTS-1S 1 , MTS-1S 2 , MTS-1S 3 , and MTS-1S 4 are 91.23, 92.43, 93.56, and 91.20%, respectively.…”

“…Propylene oxide is one of the derivatives of propylene, which is widely used in the production of polyether polyols, propylene glycol, and propylene glycol ethers. − Owing to the development of environmental technologies, chlorohydrin and co-oxidation methods have been gradually replaced by hydrogen peroxide propylene oxide (HPPO) process, which is a kind of green and environmentally friendly synthesis route that uses hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as the oxidant. − Titanium silicate-1 (TS-1) has been proved to be a promising catalyst for the epoxidation of propylene due to its excellent characteristics, − such as tetrahedral coordinated titanium species in the framework, well-defined microporous channels, excellent hydrothermal stability, and hydrophobic surface. − Meanwhile, it has been widely used as an environmentally benign catalyst in a series of reactions, for example, oxidation of ethyl lactate, oxidation of styrene, , and epoxidation of propylene. − Usually, TS-1 is synthesized using expensive tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as a template. − It has been reported that nanoparticles of TS-1 have a high catalyst activity but are difficult to separate from the liquid product, greatly increasing the production costs in industrial applications. , …”

Ultrastrong Interaction and High Dispersibility of TS-1 on Polymer-Modified Carbon Nanotubes/Nickel Foam

“…Propylene oxide, the largest derivatives of propylene, was widely used in the syntheses of industrial products, including propylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers. − The hydrogen peroxide propylene oxide method (HPPO) exploiting titanium silicate-1 (TS-1) as a catalyst was considered as the major chemical production process for epoxidation of propylene due to its benign and environmental-friendly characteristics. − TS-1 had been confirmed to be a promising catalyst due to its outstanding properties, such as tetrahedrally Ti species in the MFI framework (a class of skeleton structure defined by a common atomic structure), well-defined micropore structures, molecular shape selectivity, stability of Lewis acidic sites, and hydrophobic characteristics of the surface. − It had been fully demonstrated that nanosize TS-1 had high catalytic performance and multiple active sites. − However, the most fatal restriction of TS-1 was because of its small size; hence, TS-1 was difficult to be separated from the solvent, which increased the operating cost in industrial production and limited the industrialization. − Nanoparticles were also easy to agglomerate, increasing the mass transfer distance. , …”