Crystalline structure at surfaces of uniaxially drawn polypropene films

Crystal orientation in poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) ultrathin films revealed by reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction

“…Thus, RAIR is especially useful for determining the orientation of adsorbed molecular species. A technique of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) also enables us to gain direct access to information upon the structure at the film surface by choosing an appropriate condition [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. By collecting Bragg reflections from the crystals under the in-plane and out-of-plane scanning conditions, the corresponding information on crystalline structure along normal and parallel to the sample surface can be obtained.…”

“…It was found that within the first 90 Å from the surface the ordering of the polymer molecules is markedly enhanced. Such surface-related effects can also be found in other polymeric systems [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”