Crystal structure, magnetic properties, and magnetization variation in Bi0.84La0.16Fe1-xTixO3 polycrystalline ceramic

Structural transition and magnetic properties of Mn doped Bi0.88Sm0.12FeO3 ceramics

“…7 Therefore, an increase in the VHS at the MPB possibly occurs from magnetic coupling at the boundary or from the inhomogeneous magnetic anisotropy of the coexisting phase. 6,7,19 The self-change of magnetization with time has been previously observed in (La, Co), 19 (La, Ti), 9 and (La, Zn) codoped BFO at the MPB. 17 This effect is attributed to the isothermal structural transition along with spin frustration at the PB, which is an implication for the appearance of a PB ferromagnetic order embedded in the antiferromagnetic matrix.…”

“…Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that the variation of the magnetic properties with time is related to the isothermal structural transition between the R3c and Pnam phases. 9,17 Considering the self-phase transition from R3c to Pnam, the enhancement of coercivity is well understood because the collinear G-type AFM structure of the Pnam phase produces higher coercivity and remanent magnetization than that of the R3c phase. Indeed, the remanent magnetization and coercivity of a pure Pnam orthorhombic structure were respectively about $0.12 emu g À1 and $10 kOe.…”

“…17 This effect is attributed to the isothermal structural transition along with spin frustration at the PB, which is an implication for the appearance of a PB ferromagnetic order embedded in the antiferromagnetic matrix. 9,19 Magnetic coupling between two structural phases and the PB is similar to the interaction of the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic multilayer. 20 PB ferromagnetism and magnetic exchange anisotropy were used to explain the VHS, classical exchange bias effect, and eld step-dependent hysteresis loop.…”

“…[1][2][3] The coexistence of phases with differences in lattice strain, magnetic anisotropy, and antiferroelectric orderings oen offers extraordinary properties such as high electromechanical response, double and pinched ferroelectric hysteresis loops, 4,5 vertical magnetic hysteresis loop shi (named as the exchange bias effect in some articles), [6][7][8] and the self-change of magnetization with time. 9 The enhancement of electromechanical responses, including the piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant, is believed to originate from the eld-driven reversible phase transformation or from the monoclinic phase that allows the rotation of the ferroelectric polarization vector between two structures. 1,10,11 Several reports have also stated that the incommensurate phase, a bridging phase between the rhombohedral and orthorhombic structures, can enhance the ferroelectric properties of rare earth-doped BiFeO 3 (BFO).…”

“…20 PB ferromagnetism and magnetic exchange anisotropy were used to explain the VHS, classical exchange bias effect, and eld step-dependent hysteresis loop. 6,7,9,19 Moreover, the enhancement of magnetization at the MPB of BFO-based compounds can also be fullled by considering the contribution of PB ferromagnetism. 13,[21][22][23] To date, numerous attempts have been made to study the effects of Sm and Mn substitution on the crystal structure and on the ferroelectric and magnetic properties of BFO multiferroic.…”