Crystal-plasticity simulation of the correlation of microtexture and roping in AA 6xxx Al–Mg–Si sheet alloys for automotive applications

Experimental detection of forming limit strains on samples with multiple local necks

“…Roping (also called ridging) is a tendency of groups of metal grains to deform together and form a rope-like structures (ridges) on the sheet surface, hence the name roping (ridging). According to Engler et al (2012), roping is a common phenomenon for aluminium alloys like AA6016. As the investigated material is intended for the inner parts of the car body, there are no requirements to surface quality, and surface roughening due to roping is not considered to be a problem.…”

Quantification of roping in aluminium sheet alloys for car body applications by combining 3D surface measurements with Fourier analysis

“…A more objective assessment of surface quality with the possibility for a quantification of the degree of roping requires an experimental determination of the full 3D surface topography. Among the possible techniques for surface measurements, including tactile roughness measurements [6,7], laser-scanning confocal microscopy [10,17] or white-light interferometry [6,11,12,16], the latter stands out due to a large measured area in combination with sufficient spatial resolution to assess roping of Al sheet.…”

“…Upon subsequent forming, these grain clusters with different crystal orientations react differently to the imposed exterior strain state. The respective orientations discussed in literature are the Goss and cube orientations in Al alloys, which behave as so-called \hard" and \soft" orientations [6,9,11,12]. That is to say, upon loading grains with \soft" orientations will sustain more deformation and possibly even different deformation modes than \hard" orientations.…”

Effects of Single Doping and Composite Doping of Yttrium and Antimony on the Structural, Thermodynamic, Mechanical, and Electronic Properties of Mg2Si by First Principles

“…The 6xxx series aluminum alloy is widely used in automobile manufacturing because of its excellent qualities, such as reduced weight and good corrosion resistance [1,2]. Mg 2 Si is the main strengthening phase [3] of the 6xxx series Al alloy, and it possesses a low density and high melting point and impedes grain boundary sliding [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”