“…Alkali concentration, cell operating temperature, and iron oxide load are the main factors determining the contribution of each mechanism to the overall process. Working electrodes (WE) as Frontiers in Materials frontiersin.org graphite (Allanore et al, 2007;Tokushige et al, 2013;Feynerol et al, 2017;Maihatchi et al, 2020), Cu rod (Zou et al, 2015a), Fe rod (Ivanova et al, 2015), stainless steel plates (Koutsoupa et al, 2021a;2021b) or Ni grids (Lopes et al, 2020(Lopes et al, , 2021(Lopes et al, , 2022 are usually used. Dendritic/star-like shape Fe deposits are often obtained after the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline suspensions (Figure 1A).…”