Crystal Nucleation

Erdemir, Deniz; Lee, Alfred Y.; Myerson, Allan S.

doi:10.1017/9781139026949.003

Cited by 40 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…In Figure , a graphical representation of some possible secondary nucleation mechanisms is shown. A more in-depth discussion of the mechanisms of secondary nucleation can be found in the paper by Agrawal et al and in the Handbook of Industrial Crystallization . , …”

Section: Part Iii: Critical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 13 a graphical representation of some possible secondary nucleation mechanisms is shown. A more in depth discussion of the mechanisms of secondary nucleation can be found in the paper of Agrawal et al 159 and in the Handbook of Industrial Crystallization 160,161 . The probability of a crystal hitting the impeller is large in small stirred microvials, compared to the probability in large batch crystallizers 68 .…”

Section: Secondary Nucleation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Experimental Methods for Nucleation Rate Determination in Large-Volume Batch and Microfluidic Crystallization

Devos

Gerven

Kuhn

2021

Crystal Growth & Design

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Experimental nucleation rate determination for crystallization in solution has been acknowledged as an important topic for a long time, as it improves the design and control of industrial crystallization processes, and offers insights into the mechanisms of nucleation. Characterization of nucleation rates in large volume batch crystallizers has been widely studied in the past, which has led to the development of a variety of models linking the nucleation rate to the metastable zone width and induction time. These methods remain important due to their role in industrial crystallization. More recently, the use of microfluidic platforms has resulted in the development of methods to obtain nucleation rates based on the stochastic nature of nucleation. This has opened new pathways for understanding nucleation on a molecular level. This review presents a critical overview of nucleation rate determination methods: large volume batch crystallizer models (Part I), and microfluidic and microvial models (Part II) are presented in terms of equations, advantages and limitations. Published experimental nucleation rate values are summarized (SI). A critical discussion of experimental nucleation rate determination is given (Part III). The objective of the review is to be a starting point for researchers attempting to experimentally characterize nucleation behavior.

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Section: Part Iii: Critical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Secondary Nucleation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Experimental Methods for Nucleation Rate Determination in Large-Volume Batch and Microfluidic Crystallization

Devos

Gerven

Kuhn

2021

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…Within the minimum and maximum supersaturation points, nucleation starts either homogenously, in which nucleation occurs due to self-aggregation of reduced atoms, or heterogeneously in which nucleation occurs on some surface. 5–7 The total free energy (Δ G ) of nucleation and growth processes is the sum of surface- and bulk-free energy. Nucleation is a non-spontaneous aggregation process, and growth is a spontaneous process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into nanocrystal synthesis: from precursor decomposition to combustion

2022

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“…It also ignores the fact that, as noted above, determining the crystal form landscape is a continuing challenge for every single drug throughout the course of its lifetime. 52 New forms are not obvious or predictable; their properties can and very often do differ and are also not predictable. Hence, crystal generation is a massive and patentworthy development obstacle.…”

Section: Crystal Growth and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an attempt to provide the “the reasons for this lack of usage of the ‘crystal engineering’ term in patents,” the DN paper cites specifically the Zantac and other patent litigations (without including any references), noting that “brand companies (and unfortunately, sometimes their experts) have considerable financial incentives to tout any uncertainty in crystal generation as a massive and thus patent-worthy development obstacle.” This ignores the fact that generation of a new crystal form invention is deemed by the law to be patent-worthy. It also ignores the fact that, as noted above, determining the crystal form landscape is a continuing challenge for every single drug throughout the course of its lifetime . New forms are not obvious or predictable; their properties can and very often do differ and are also not predictable.…”

Section: Dario Braga and Fabrizia Grepioni Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re: “Crystal Engineering in the Regulatory and Patent Literature of Pharmaceutical Solid Forms”

Braga

Grepioni

Gavezzotti

et al. 2017

Crystal Growth & Design

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T his contribution was prompted in response to the recent Perspective by Desiraju and Nangia (hereafter DN). 1 The somewhat unconventional format used here is consistent with scientific discourse in general and the nature of an Editorial comment. Following an initial exchange of views the four authors opted on adopting a format historically employed in written discourse−namely, presenting the views of various commentators together in the same textual offering. Likewise, each of the authors of this contribution wishes to comment individually on the DN Perspective, but we wish to contain the comments in one publication to be read, considered, and cited together rather than individually. As a result, each comment is self-contained, with its own text and references cited at the end.Dario Braga and Fabrizia Grepioni Comment. In a recent editorial Desiraju and Nangia address the question of the limited use of the term "crystal engineering" in the regulatory and patent literature of pharmaceutical solid forms.Conversely, the same term appears to be very well rooted in the scientific literature. This is witnessed, inter alia, by the existence of successful journals devoted to crystal engineering published by two of the most important learned chemical societies in the world, the American Chemical Society (this journal) and the Royal Society of Chemistry (CrystEngComm).Since both industrial and academic researchers interested in solid formulations of drugs (but also of pigments, nutraceuticals, agrochemicals, etc.) publish papers and file patents, the lower popularity of the term crystal engineering in intellectual property with respect to the scientific literature must originate from the different requirements of the two types of dissemination tools.Let us see first how the ACS and RSC crystal engineering journals define their scopes: (1) "The aim of Crystal Growth & Design is to stimulate crossfertilization of knowledge among scientists and engineers working in the fields of crystal growth, crystal engineering, and the industrial application of crystalline materials. [...] Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies and integrating the fields of crystal growth, crystal engineering, intermolecular interactions, and industrial application are encouraged [...]". 2 (2) "CrystEngComm is the journal for innovative research covering all aspects of crystal engineering, the design, including synthesis of crystals and crystal growth, synthesis and evaluation of solid-state materials with desired properties[...]". 3 Unsurprisingly, these journals, as well as many others published by the same and other publishers, contain many explicit references to "crystal engineering". Figure 1 shows the occurrence of papers containing the terms "crystal engineering" in the title, abstract, and keywords and the number of citations of such papers over time (source WoS 4 ). Besides there is, of course, a very large occurrence of terms referring to crystal forms, e.g., solvates, polymorphs, co-crystals, ionic co-...

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Crystal Nucleation

Cited by 40 publications

References 219 publications

A Review of Experimental Methods for Nucleation Rate Determination in Large-Volume Batch and Microfluidic Crystallization

A Review of Experimental Methods for Nucleation Rate Determination in Large-Volume Batch and Microfluidic Crystallization

Insight into nanocrystal synthesis: from precursor decomposition to combustion

Re: “Crystal Engineering in the Regulatory and Patent Literature of Pharmaceutical Solid Forms”

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