Crystal methamphetamine abuse: A concern to oral and maxillofacial surgeons

Lee, Cameron Y. S.; Heffez, Leslie B.; Mohammadi, Hossein

doi:10.1016/0278-2391(92)90489-m

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…9 Remarkably, the only incidental evidence available to support the 2003 AGD narrative of the “meth mouth” phenomenon was composed of nine articles on amphetamine-related dental disease, primarily brief case reports and case series. 1,7,10,11,12,13,14,15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental disease patterns in methamphetamine users

Shetty¹,

Harrell²,

Murphy³

et al. 2015

The Journal of the American Dental Association

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Background The authors used a large community sample of methamphetamine users to verify the patterns and severity of dental disease and establish a hierarchy of caries susceptibility by tooth type and tooth surface. Methods Using a stratified sampling approach, 571 MA users received comprehensive oral examinations and psychosocial assessments. Three calibrated dentists characterized the dental and periodontal disease using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) protocols. Data were also collected on substance-use history and other attributes linked to dental disease Results On all dental outcome measures, MA users evidenced very high dental and periodontal disease, with older (> 30 years) and moderate/heavy MA users disproportionately affected. Women had higher rates of tooth loss and caries as well as a greater prevalence of anterior caries. Current smokers were more likely to manifest 5 or more anterior surfaces with untreated caries and 3 or more teeth involved with root caries. Nearly 7% were edentulous and a significant percentage (40%) indicated embarrassment with their dental appearance. Conclusions MA users have very high rates of dental and periodontal disease, and manifest a dose-response relationship with greater levels of MA use associated with higher rates of dental disease. Women and current cigarette smokers are disproportionally impacted. The intraoral patterns and hierarchy of caries susceptibility in MA users are distinctive. Practical Implications The prevalence and patterns of dental and periodontal disease could be used to alert dentists to possible covert MA use as well as to plan treatment. Concerns about dental appearance have potential as triggers for behavioral interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental disease patterns in methamphetamine users

Shetty¹,

Harrell²,

Murphy³

et al. 2015

The Journal of the American Dental Association

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“…Toxic doses of methamphetamine are extensions of the effects of mild intoxication and may cause confusion, diaphoresis, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, convulsions, and coma. 10,17,19,20 Methamphetamine can be snorted, smoked, swallowed, and injected. After oral administration, the time to maximum plasma concentration (t max ) is two to three hours, although the drug's effects can be felt in as little as 20 minutes.…”

Section: Pharmacologic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Postoperatively, opioid analgesics should be avoided in patients at risk for drug abuse and increased ventilatory depression. 13,19,39 Dental pain, principally mediated by inflammation, should be controlled with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Fluoride should be administered via trays, gels, rinses, or varnishes, and basic oral hygiene skills should be reviewed.…”

Section: Oral Health Treatment Of Methamphetamine Usersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At pH 6-8, the t ½ is approximately 12 hours and is relatively constant, regardless of the route of administration. 11,19,21 One potential strategy for the treatment of acute overdose is acidification of the urine to increase elimination. 17,21 Although this is theoretically true, that a weak base such as methamphetamine will be ionized in an acidic environment, this practice is not currently recommended because of the risk of rhabdomyolysis and renal failure.…”

Section: Pharmacologic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral health of the methamphetamine abuser

Donaldson

Goodchild

2006

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

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“…There is the perception among methamphetamine users that it will enhance sexual performance by increasing energy levels and sustaining physical performance (Frosch et al , 1996; Bull et al , 2002; Semple et al , 2004b). Methamphetamine also blocks reuptake of norepinephrine (Seiden et al , 1976; Lake and Quirk, 1984; Dackis and Gold, 1985; Sulzer et al , 2005; Westfall and Westfall, 2006) resulting in increased sympathetic activity (Lee et al , 1992). The effects of this increase in sympathetic activity on the cardiovascular system includes cardiac dysrrhythmias, hypertension, and tachypnea (Westfall and Westfall, 2006).…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine abuse and dentistry

2008

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Methamphetamine is a highly addictive powerful stimulant that increases wakefulness and physical activity and produces other effects including cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hallucinations, and violent behavior. The prevalence of methamphetamine use is estimated at 35 million people worldwide and 10.4 million people in the United States. In the United States, the prevalence of methamphetamine use is beginning to decline but methamphetamine trafficking and use are still significant problems. Dental patients who abuse methamphetamine can present with poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, rampant caries ('Meth mouth'), and excessive tooth wear. Dental management of methamphetamine users requires obtaining a thorough medical history and performing a careful oral examination. The most important factor in treating the oral effects of methamphetamine is for the patient to stop using the drug. Continued abuse will make it difficult to increase salivary flow and hinder the patient's ability to improve nutrition and oral hygiene. Local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors should be used with care in patients taking methamphetamine because they may result in cardiac dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accidents. Thus, dental management of patients who use methamphetamine can be challenging. Dentists need to be aware of the clinical presentation and medical risks presented by these patients.

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Crystal methamphetamine abuse: A concern to oral and maxillofacial surgeons

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Dental disease patterns in methamphetamine users

Dental disease patterns in methamphetamine users

Oral health of the methamphetamine abuser

Methamphetamine abuse and dentistry

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