Crystal-field effects in the kagome antiferromagnetHo3Ru4Al12

The Crystal Electric Field Effect in the Distorted Kagome Lattice Ferromagnet Nd3Ru4Al12

“…It was reported that the origin of reduced magnetic moments is likely owing to the CEF effect and competing exchange and anisotropy interactions, however, the CEF effect is unclear at present [4]. On the other hand, we previously measured the elastic moduli by using ultrasonic technique and reported that there is no characteristic softening arising from the CEF effect in Nd [12][13][14]17]. This indicates that a coupling constant of a quadrupole interaction between strains and corresponding quadrupoles is relatively small in this compound.…”

“…The R ions form a distorted kagome net in c-planes. The compounds R 3 Ru 4 Al 12 have been intriguingly studied from the viewpoint of the effect of geometrical frustration, for instance, an antiferromagnetic transition and a field-induced quadrupolar ordering in Dy 3 Ru 4 Al 12 , a helical ordering of spin trimers in Gd 3 Ru 4 Al 12 , and so on [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Ultrasonic Dispersion in the Hexagonal Ferromagnet Nd3Ru4Al12

“…The ternary compounds R 3 Ru 4 Al 12 (R: rare earth element) crystallize in the hexagonal Gd 3 Ru 4 Al 12 -type structure (space group P6 3 /mmc) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. This crystal has no cage structure.…”

Magnetic transition due to the inter-singlet spin-exchange interaction and elastic softening by the interplay of electric quadrupoles in the distorted kagome lattice antiferromagnet Tb3Ru4Al12

“…The R-Al and Ru-Al layers are stacked along [001] alternately. This series has been primarily studied in terms of magnetism, for instance, an antiferromagnetic and a field-induced quadrupolar orderings in Dy 3 Ru 4 Al 12 and a helical ordering of spin trimers in Gd 3 Ru 4 Al 12 [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…In our recent works, it was clarified that a quadrupole interaction by electric quadrupoles under the hexagonal CEF plays an important role for understanding physical properties in the R 3 Ru 4 Al 12 system [19,20,22,24]. The ultrasonic technique is a powerful tool for investigating the quadrupole interaction because a strain induced by ultrasound bilinearly couples to a corresponding quadrupole moment [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”