Cryptosporidium parvum in Children with Diarrhea in Zulia State, Venezuela

Chacín-Bonilla, Leonor; Bonilla, Maria C.; Soto-Torres, Lidiuska; Rios-Candida, Ysilma; Sardina, Marta; Enmanuels, Carolina; Parra, Ana; Sanchez-Chavez, Yulaicy

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.365

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…in this study, was the second most frequent parasite among the children (15.05%), with this prevalence being superior to that observed by other authors 2,10,27 , in as much as the rates of the latter are between 1.10% and 11.20%. However, in an anterior study 21 realized in Botucatu, SP, the prevalence of this protozoan was also elevated (38.20%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Carvalho

Mascarini

2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe occurrence of the enteroparasites was verified in 279 children (0 to 6 years) of four municipal day cares of Botucatu/SP. Three samples of each child's feces were collected and processed by the methods of Hoffman-Pons-Janner, Faust and Ritchie and subsequent coloration of the fecal smear by the methods of Auramina-O and Ziehl-Neelsen modified for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium sp. and Graham method for diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis. Of the analyzed children we verified a prevalence of intestinal parasitism in 53.40%, and the most frequent parasite was Giardia duodenalis (26.88%). Significant association was verified among enteroparasitosis, family income, maternal education and age; the lowest enteroparasite frequency occurred in children of families with larger income and higher education. It was observed that G. duodenalis is more prevalent in children from 0 to 4 years and E. vermicularis is more frequent in children between three and four years old. The high enteroparasite prevalence in day cares suggests complex structure in its epidemiology, where factors beyond sanitation should be considered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Carvalho

Mascarini

2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…among children and infants is more prevalent in developing countries (5% to Ͼ10%) than in developed countries (Ͻ 1%). 2,3,[9][10][11]14,15 In the present study, we report that 10.3% of the children less than five years of age with diarrhea excreted Cryptosporidium oocysts in their feces, and an infection rate of 3.3% was detected in asymptomatic children. The proportion of Cryptosporidium infection associated with diarrhea in this population is similar to that reported from Venezuela 14 and Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…2,3,[9][10][11]14,15 In the present study, we report that 10.3% of the children less than five years of age with diarrhea excreted Cryptosporidium oocysts in their feces, and an infection rate of 3.3% was detected in asymptomatic children. The proportion of Cryptosporidium infection associated with diarrhea in this population is similar to that reported from Venezuela 14 and Mexico. 15 The relatively high percentage of asymptomatic infections detected in our study is consistent with earlier studies from developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This result is consistent with those of previous reports. 14,20,21 Cryptosporidium parvum as a cause of diarrhea in children cannot be deduced from this work because 257 (54.1%) of the symptomatic children and 30 (20%) of the controls had one or more pathogenic parasites. Giardia lamblia and H. nana were the most common parasites present in symptomatic children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Cryptosporidium infection in young children with diarrhea in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Iqbal

Munir²,

Khan³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Fecal excretion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was determined in 625 children less than five years old who presented at the pediatric clinic of a teaching hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Single stool specimens were collected from 475 children with acute diarrhea and from 150 children without diarrhea. The Cryptosporidium infection rate was significantly higher in children with diarrhea than in children without diarrhea (10.3% versus 3.3%). The C. parvum infection rate was highest in children 19-24 months of age (21.8%). There was no significant difference in the Cryptosporidium infection rate among male and female children of any age group studied. Sociodemographic information, drinking water supply, and contact with domestic animals had no significant role in the acquisition of C. parvum infection in our study population. The data suggest that C. parvum is relatively endemic in young children in the Rawalpindi area and that C. parvum may be an important pathogen associated with diarrhea.Enteric cryptosporidiosis is prevalent worldwide and causes a variety of problems ranging from acute severe diarrhea to self-limiting diarrhea, mainly in infants and young children, to nosocomial infection leading to fatal cases in immunocompromised persons. [1][2][3] In well-nourished, immunocompetent children, the disease is often short and selflimited. 2 However, this enteric agent is associated with persistent diarrhea in malnourished pediatric 4,5 and with prolonged severe or fatal watery diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 6 Children may be most susceptible, 4,7 and those less than two years old may have the greatest prevalence. 8 Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that Cryptosporidium is more prevalent in developing countries (5% to Ͼ 10%) than in developed countries (Ͻ 1% to 3%). 2,3,[9][10][11] In most studies, the isolation rates from healthy persons have been low; however, several recent reports have identified high percentages of asymptomatic infections in children from South Africa 10 and India. 11 In Pakistan, no study has been conducted to determine the C. parvum infection rate in children. In this study, we report the prevalence and importance of C. parvum infection as a causal agent of acute diarrhea among children in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODSStudy population. The study was conducted during the period March 1996 to September 1996 in 475 children (250 boys and 225 girls) less than three years of age with acute diarrheal disease presenting at the pediatric clinic of Rawalpindi General Teaching Hospital (RGH). The control group included 150 comparable children presenting at the same clinic with complaints other than gastrointestinal symptoms. This hospital covers a large area of population living in urban as well as in the rural areas. Four hundred twenty-two of the children were severely dehydrated and required admission to the hospital for rehydration. This extremely high rate of dehydration seen in the children is primarily due to the lack of health...

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“…16 In Venezuela no seasonal variation was detected. 38 The overall intensity of infection in this pediatric population was low and few oocysts were observed in the samples. However, in August, higher intensity levels were noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Identification of a High Diversity of Cryptosporidium Species Genotypes and Subtypes in a Pediatric Population in Nigeria

Molloy

Smith²,

Kirwan³

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Cryptosporidium parvum in Children with Diarrhea in Zulia State, Venezuela

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Cryptosporidium infection in young children with diarrhea in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Identification of a High Diversity of Cryptosporidium Species Genotypes and Subtypes in a Pediatric Population in Nigeria

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