Cryptosporidium oocysts in Bent mussels ( Ischadium recurvum ) in the Chesapeake Bay

Graczyk, Thaddeus K.; Fayer, Ronald; Lewis, Earl J.; Trout, James M.; Farley, C. Austin

doi:10.1007/s004360050590

Cited by 78 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Graczyk et al (2001) found oocysts of C. hominis (syns. C. parvum genotype 1; C. parvum genotype H; Morgan-Ryan et al, 2002) in naturally infected Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica)

Lindsay

Collins

Mitchell

et al. 2004

Journal of Parasitology

109

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gomez-Bautista et al (2000) reported infective C. parvum oocysts in mussels (M. galloprovincialis) and cockles (Cerastoderma edule) from a shellfishproducing region in Spain. Graczyk et al (1999) found oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. in Bent mussels (Ischadium recurvum) from the Chesapeake Bay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica)

Lindsay

Collins

Mitchell

et al. 2004

Journal of Parasitology

109

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“…17 Thus, it is more likely that Giardia cysts that have settled to the bottom will be ingested by clams, rather than suspended throughout the water column. This may explain why, despite the extensive ecologic surveys of Chesapeake Bay for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, the latter parasite has never been found in eastern oysters 3 or bent mussels, 33 which are exclusive filter feeders not ingesting sediments. 17 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts have been recovered from other feral shellfish of Chesapeake Bay, i.e., oysters 3 and bent mussels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts have been recovered from other feral shellfish of Chesapeake Bay, i.e., oysters 3 and bent mussels. 33 However, in contrast to Giardia cysts, sedimentation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the water is extremely slow, 32 and under most natural conditions few oocysts are deposited in the sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia duodenalis cysts of genotype A recovered from clams in the Chesapeake Bay subestuary, Rhode River.

Graczyk¹,

Thompson²,

Fayer³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Filter-feeding molluscan shellfish can concentrate zoonotic and anthroponotic waterborne pathogens. Cysts of Giardia sp. were detected by immunofluorescent antibodies in tissues of the clams Macoma balthica and M. mitchelli from Rhode River, a Chesapeake Bay (Maryland) subestuary. Molecular tests identified the cysts as Giardia duodenalis Genotype A, the most common genotype recovered from humans. Macoma clams are burrowers in mud or sandy-mud substrata and preferentially feed on the surface sediment layer. Waterborne Giardia cysts settle rapidly to the bottom in slow-moving waters and contaminate the sediment. Macoma clams do not have economic value, but can serve as biologic indicators of sediment contamination with Giardia sp. cysts of public health importance. These clams can be used for sanitary assessment of water quality.Bivalves can harbor environmentally derived pathogenic microorganisms as a result of filtering large volumes of water and concentrating the recovered particles. 1 Examination of bivalves can demonstrate water pollution even when water testing produces negative results. 2 For example, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts had never been reported in Chesapeake Bay (Maryland) water until oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from that water were found to harbor this zoonotic parasite. 3 Similarly, C. parvum oocysts have been repeatedly recovered from the tissue of feral blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Sligo Bay (Ireland), but most of the water samples from the mussel collection sites were oocystnegative. 4

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“…En invertebrados se ha detectado en moluscos bivalvos marinos (ostras, mejillones, berberechos) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , lo que sirve como indicador de contaminación fecal de las aguas. En Chile, el estudio de 642 moluscos bivalvos (choritos, ostras, almejas, machas) y muestras de agua salada obtenidas de playas de la Región de Valparaíso, usando microscopia y pruebas moleculares no ha detectado la presencia de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium como contaminante de agua ni mariscos (Neira P, datos no publicados).…”

Section: Correspondencia Aunclassified

Cryptosporidium parvum en gastrópodos silvestres como bioindicadores de contaminación fecal en ecosistemas terrestres

Stanley

et al. 2010

Rev. chil. infectol.

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IntroducciónL a criptosporidiosis es una infección por protozoos coccidios que afecta a los seres humanos, los animales domésticos y otros vertebrados. En los animales, especialmente en los terneros, previo a su destete, provoca una grave enteritis que ocasiona importante morbilidad, mortalidad y pérdidas económi-cas. En los seres humanos, surgió como una importante infección gastrointestinal en la segunda mitad de la década de los años '80, junto con la aparición del SIDA. El protozoo da lugar a una infección aguda autolimitada del aparato digestivo en humanos inmunocompetentes, y una enfermedad crónica, de riesgo vital en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. En nuestra especie, varias son las vías de transmisión posibles, incluida la de persona a persona (antroponótica y la infección zoonótica), a través de la contaminación fecal del agua y los alimentos. Frecuentemente, se desconoce la fuente específi ca de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium implicados en la infección o en la contaminación de alimentos y agua, por carencia de investigación epidemiológica en nuestro país.En los últimos años, el desarrollo de herramientas moleculares ha permitido detectar y diferenciar los coccidios Cryptosporidium en los niveles de especie, genotipo y subgenotipos. A la fecha, en Chile sólo se ha identifi cado C. parvum y C. hominis en humanos y C. parvum en humanos y otros vertebrados 1 . En personas inmunocomprometidas e inmunocompetentes de Perú, Cryptosporidium parvum en gastrópodos silvestres como bioindicadores de contaminación fecal en ecosistemas terrestres Patricia Neira O., Nelson Muñoz S., Bárbara Stanley V., Marianne Gosh C. y M. José Rosales L. Cryptosporidium parvum in wild gastropods as bioindicators of fecal contamination in terrestrial ecosystemsCryptosporidium sp oocysts were detected in snails (Helix aspersa Müller) and slug (Deroceras reticulatum Müller) from the Valparaíso Region, Chile. Snails and slug were collected from public squares and private domestic gardens. Cryptosporidium sp oocysts were recovered from faeces of both species. Ziehl Neelsen stain, nested PCR, and sequencing analysis demonstrated a profi le similar to that described for genotype C or 2 of the parasite. These results demonstrate that snails and slug could act as a reservoir and mechanic vector of C. parvum infection for humans and animals. Moreover, gastropods could serve as bioindicators of fecal soil contamination.

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Cryptosporidium oocysts in Bent mussels ( Ischadium recurvum ) in the Chesapeake Bay

Cited by 78 publications

References 9 publications

Survival of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica)

Survival of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica)

Giardia duodenalis cysts of genotype A recovered from clams in the Chesapeake Bay subestuary, Rhode River.

Cryptosporidium parvum en gastrópodos silvestres como bioindicadores de contaminación fecal en ecosistemas terrestres

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