Cryptosporidium and Giardia associated with reduced lamb carcase productivity

Sweeny, Joshua P.A.; Ryan, Una; Robertson, Ian D.; Jacobson, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.050

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Although not significant, HSCW was 0.3kg lighter in lambs shedding Cryptosporidium pre-slaughter, whilst their visceral tissue (live weight -HSCW) was 0.8kg heavier, implying that impact on visceral (non-carcase) tissue weight was the key driver of the reduced dressing % response observed for these lambs. This observation was consistent with previous studies showing dressing % (but not necessarily live weight) was reduced in sheep infected with nematodes (Liu et al, 2005;Jacobson et al, 2009) and protozoan parasites (Sweeny 2012;Sweeny et al, 2012b), and supports the suggestion that live weight may underestimate carcase productivity losses in sheep associated with parasitism.…”

Section: Parvum (But Not All Cryptosporidium Spp)supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The present study has extended findings from the previous reports identifying reduced HSCW and dressing % associated with detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia (Sweeny et al, 2012b;Sweeny 2012) by examining protozoan shedding intensity (determined by qPCR) rather than simply presence of organism (by PCR). Apart from demonstrating that magnitude and not simply presence of shedding was associated with carcase productivity, the present study included a much larger number of sheep located over a wider geographical area, was able to identify associations at specific sampling timepoints and identified that relationships between parasite shedding and HSCW existed only for C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in lambs has been associated with clinical symptoms such as severe diarrhoea, depression, weight loss and mortality (O'Handley and Olson, 2006;Geurden et al, 2008). Sweeny et al (2012b) previously identified associations between Cryptosporidium and Giardia with reduced lamb carcase productivity in flocks on two farms in Western Australia, but an important limitation of that study was that only qualitative (not quantitative) data on presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in faeces (shedding) was available. The relationship between both presence and magnitude of protozoan parasite infection with sheep productivity across a wider geographical area has not been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Greater intensity and frequency of Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocyst shedding beyond the neonatal period is associated with reductions in growth, carcase weight and dressing efficiency in sheep

Jacobson

Williams

Yang

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Haemonchus status (positive or negative) with lamb production were assessed using general linear models (HSCW and dressing %) and linear mixed effects models (live weight). HighCryptosporidium parvum shedding was associated with lower live weight, ranging 2.31-4.52kg over the 3 sampling occasions. Cryptosporidium parvum shedding was associated 3 with less HSCW in high (3.22kg less) and low (3.22kg less) shedding lambs post-weaning, and high (2.21kg less) and low (2.60kg less) shedding lambs pre-slaughter as well as lower dressing % (2.7% lower in high shedding lambs post-weaning). Cryptosporidium (all species) shedding pre-slaughter was associated with reduced dressing % in both high (1.25% lower) and low (1.21% lower) shedding lambs. Giardia shedding pre-slaughter was associated with 0.59kg less HSCW in high shedding lambs. Increased frequency of C.parvum and Giardia shedding in a specific animal (repeated detection) were associated with Abbreviations:HSCW: hot standard carcase weight WEC: Faecal worm egg count

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Section: Parvum (But Not All Cryptosporidium Spp)supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Greater intensity and frequency of Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocyst shedding beyond the neonatal period is associated with reductions in growth, carcase weight and dressing efficiency in sheep

Jacobson

Williams

Yang

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Nevertheless, young age was strongly associated with prevalence and intensity of infections, particularly for Cryptosporidium, which had very high prevalence rates in piglets and starter pig whereas Giardia infections were more prevalent only in starter pigs compared to any other age-group. immunofluorescence assay with prevalences ranging 7-26% (Xiao et al, 1993;Xiao andHerd, 1994 Castro-Hermida et al, 2006;Hamnes et al, 2006;Sweeny et al, 2011). None of these studies compared the intensity of the infections, while others have reported cryptosporidiosis to be a risk factor for giardiasis in children and vice versa (e.g.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Danish organic pig farms: Seasonal and age-related variation in prevalence, infection intensity and species/genotypes

Petersen

Wang

Katakam

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Highlights High Cryptosporidium and Giardia prevalence in organic pigs throughout the year  Piglets predominantly hosted C. suis, while older pigs mainly hosted C. scrofarum 2  The intensity of infection was >6 x higher for C. suis compared to C. scrofarum  Crypto/Giardia infected pigs excreted fewer oocysts compared to mono-infected pigs  Public health risk of Cryptosporidium/Giardia in Danish organic pigs seems negligible AbstractAlthough pigs are commonly infected with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis, including potentially zoonotic species or genotypes, little is known about age-related infection levels, seasonal differences and genetic variation in naturally infected pigs raised in organic management systems. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess seasonal and agerelated variations in prevalence and infection intensity of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, evaluate zoonotic potential and uncover correlations between species/genotypes, infection intensity and faecal consistency. Shedding of oocysts and cysts ((oo-)cysts) was monitored at quarterly intervals (September 2011 to June 2012) in piglets (n=152), starter pigs (n=234), fatteners (n=230) and sows (n=240) from three organic farms in Denmark. (Oo-)cysts were quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy; and 56/75 subsamples from Cryptosporidium infected pigs were successfully analysed by PCR amplification and partial sequencing of the small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA and hsp70 genes, while 13/67 Giardia subsamples were successfully analysed by amplification and partial sequencing of the 18S rRNA and the gdh genes. Altogether, Cryptosporidium or Giardia infections were observed in 40.9% (350/856) and 14.0% (120/856) of the pigs, respectively, including 8.2% (70/856) infected with both parasites. Prevalence, intensity of infections and presence of Cryptosporidium species varied significantly between age-groups; 53.3% piglets, 72.2% starter pigs, 40.4% fatteners and 2.9% sows were infected with Cryptosporidium, whereas 2.0% piglets, 27.4% starter pigs, 17.8% fatteners and 5.0% sows were infected with Giardia. The overall prevalence was stable throughout the year, except for dual-infections that were more prevalent in September and 3 December (p<0.05). The infection intensity was age-related for both parasites, and dualinfected pigs tended to excrete lower levels of oocysts compared to pigs harbouring only Cryptosporidium. Likewise, pigs infected with C. scrofarum excreted fewer oocysts (mean CPG: 54,848±194,508 CI: 9085-118,781) compared to pigs infected with C. suis (mean OPG: 351,035±351,035 CI: 67,117). No correlation between faecal consistency and (oo-)cyst excretion levels was observed.Of the successfully genotyped isolates, 38/56 (67.9%) were C. scrofarum and 18/56 (32.1%) were C. suis, while the livestock specific G. duodenalis Assemblage E was detected in 11/13 (84.6%) isolates and the potentially zoonotic Assemblage A was identified in 2/13 (15.4%)isolates. Piglets exclusively hosted C. suis, with one exception, while starter...

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“…The environment is contaminated when a large number of cysts are excreted in infected host faeces (Koudela and Vitovec 1998). Several animal species have reportedly been infected worldwide, and considerable economic losses in animal livestock are associated with the morbidity and mortality caused by Giardia duodenalis infection (Aloisio et al 2006;Geurden et al 2010;Sweeny et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular characterisation of Giardia duodenalis infection in dairy goats in Brazil

Sudré¹,

Leles²,

Lima³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to perform the first molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from goats in Brazil, in order to assess the risk for zoonotic transmission. Samples were collected from two dairy goat farms (Saanen breed) located in the city of Niteroi in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Goat faecal samples (n = 58) were collected directly from the rectums of all animals up to one year of age and were subjected to centrifuge-flotation in sugar saturate solution. Nested-PCR and sequencing using β-giardin and tpi gene targets was performed on positive samples. Seventeen out of fifty-eight (29.31%) faecal samples were positive for Giardia duodenalis cysts, all belonging to the same farm. Only eight isolates were successfully sequenced (eight samples for β-giardin and four samples for tpi), all belonging to genotype E. Two types of sequences were identified for each locus within isolates from the current study, which exhibited sequence heterogeneity with variable numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of this parasite.

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia associated with reduced lamb carcase productivity

Cited by 48 publications

References 105 publications

Greater intensity and frequency of Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocyst shedding beyond the neonatal period is associated with reductions in growth, carcase weight and dressing efficiency in sheep

Greater intensity and frequency of Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocyst shedding beyond the neonatal period is associated with reductions in growth, carcase weight and dressing efficiency in sheep

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Danish organic pig farms: Seasonal and age-related variation in prevalence, infection intensity and species/genotypes

First molecular characterisation of Giardia duodenalis infection in dairy goats in Brazil

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