Cryptococcosis Associated with HIV Negative Indian Patients and HIV Positive Indian Blood Donors

Khan, Zafar K.; Katiyar, Ratna; Shukla, Rakesh; Kulshreshtha, R.; Mathur, Asha

doi:10.1016/s0934-8840(96)80072-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The most common abnormality is hydrocephalus but there may be other non-specifi c changes that mimic those of tuberculous meningitis. Occasionally, cryptococcomas may be seen (Post et al 1985;Rodesch et al 1989;Khan et al 1996;Boska et al 2004). …”

Section: Radiological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus associated central nervous system infections

Török

2005

Pract Neurol

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Section: Radiological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus associated central nervous system infections

Török

2005

Pract Neurol

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“…These neurological manifestations are encountered in most cases of cryptococcosis in India, as in the rest of the world, with chronic meningitis being the usual presentation [7,9-12, 19,22,27,28,32,34,37-41,44,49,50,57,61,71,73-78,82]. However, granuloma formation (without meningitis) and meningo-encephalitis are not uncommon [6,16,55,57,58] ( Table 2).…”

Section: Cns Cryptococcosis: Spectrum In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is evident in Table 2, in India diagnosis is still by and large based on conventional methods of direct demonstration, such as India ink preparations, Gram stain and histopathology, as well as on culture, conrmatory mouse inoculation 44,45,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][80][81][82], and in a restricted number of cases, serological assays using imported commercial kits [26,27,31,[34][35][36][37][38][40][41][42]44,45,47,52,57,77]. Conventional diagnostic procedures may not always offer the expected discriminatory power.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis and Therapy In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional diagnostic procedures may not always offer the expected discriminatory power. Serology also offers an important adjunct in the form of qualitative and quantitative detection of circulating cryptococcal antigen in body uid samples [31,[36][37][38]40,42,[44][45][46]57] of patients. In such situations, the simple Gram stain technique may be helpful by allowing round budding yeast cells to be seen.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis and Therapy In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptococcosis in India: the awakening of a giant?

et al. 2001

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The menace of cryptococcosis has assumed global proportions over the years. The tropical climate of the Indian subcontinent offers a suitable environment for Cryptococcus neoformans, and the onslaught of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic since the early 1990s has substantially influenced the situation. Coupled with that are the advances in laboratory diagnostic techniques that have made accurate diagnosis increasingly available. These factors together have led to a sharp increase in the number of reported cases of cryptococcosis. This review attempts to present an overview of the status of cryptococcosis in India from its first description to the most recent times. The disease has been reported from almost all parts of the country. C. neoformans var. neoformans is predominantly found in clinical samples, while C. n. var. gattii infection has also been reported. An organ commonly involved is the central nervous system, among others. Both immunocompromised and apparently immunocompetent patients have been affected. Laboratory diagnosis is mostly by conventional methods, while effective therapeutic options are limited. Early diagnosis followed by institution of specific therapy, where possible, has effectively reduced mortality. Awareness of the disease and maintenance of a high index of clinical suspicion is required. An integrated approach to patient management with active interaction between the clinicians and the laboratory personnel would be highly beneficial. The wide variety of presentations of the disease seen in India suggests the possibility of occurrence of strain variation which needs to be investigated fully. Introduction of routine testing of antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates is also important in order to obtain baseline data on susceptibility patterns and to predict in advance any shift in those patterns in the population. To maintain a high standard in all such endeavours, the establishment of an external quality control system is desirable.

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“…Asymptomatic cryptococcal meningitis has been described in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals 26 27. In a study of HIV-negative adult patients, 43% of patients with culture-positive cryptococcal meningitis were asymptomatic 27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncommon mycosis in a patient with diabetes

et al. 2016

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Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Meningitis is the most frequent presentation; uncommonly, a disseminated form occurs. Cryptococcosis can sometimes occur in immunocompetent individuals with certain predisposing conditions such as diabetes mellitus. However, disseminated cryptococcosis is exceedingly rare in these individuals. A 48-year-old man presented with a lung mass and was initially suspected to have bronchogenic carcinoma. However, on further evaluation, it turned out to be disseminated cryptococcosis due toCryptococcus gattii, with pulmonary, pleural and meningeal involvement.

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Cryptococcosis Associated with HIV Negative Indian Patients and HIV Positive Indian Blood Donors

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Human immunodeficiency virus associated central nervous system infections

Human immunodeficiency virus associated central nervous system infections

Cryptococcosis in India: the awakening of a giant?

Uncommon mycosis in a patient with diabetes

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