Cryptococcosis: An Emerging Respiratory Mycosis

Huston, Shaunna M.; Mody, Christopher H.

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.006

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Several authors have reported disseminated cryptococcosis being refractory to antifungal chemotherapy [6,19]. Serum antigen titers should be obtained in all immunocompetent patients who have cryptococcosis, to monitor the progress of the disease [20]. A decrease in cryptococcal antigen titer can be used to monitor the antifungal therapy efficacy but cannot be used as an index of cure, as titer remains positive even when fungal culture and stain turn negative [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcal meningitis with secondary cutaneous involvement in an immunocompetent host

Tabassum

Rahman

Herekar

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease caused by variants of Cryptococcus neoformans species. The respiratory tract is the usual portal of entry, with a peculiar predilection to invade the central nervous system. The skin can be secondarily involved in disseminated infection or be exceptionally involved as primary cutaneous infection by inoculation. The disease is mostly seen in immunodeficiency states. The diagnosis is frequently unsuspected in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of disseminated cryptococcal meningitis in an immunocompetent young adult. The cutaneous eruption prompted the accurate diagnosis. The patient, a 20-year-old female, had fever, cough, headache and intractable vomiting for the past two months and was being managed as a case of tuberculous meningitis. Two weeks after starting antituberculous treatment she developed umbilicated papules on the head and neck region. Necessary laboratory workup identified C. neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and skin specimens. The titers of cryptococcal antigen were measured in CSF and serum for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Anti-fungal treatment resulted in regression of the cutaneous lesions and resolution of systemic complaints. The case highlights the need for high degree of suspicion, especially in healthy young adults, in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. The cutaneous eruptions can be the first manifestation or a diagnostic clue of enormous significance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcal meningitis with secondary cutaneous involvement in an immunocompetent host

Tabassum

Rahman

Herekar

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Human cryptococcosis is caused by several Cryptococcus species, including C. neoformans and C. gattii. C. neoformans is responsible for the majority of infections found in immunocompromised individuals, while C. gattii causes infections in immunocompetent and compromised hosts (72). C. neoformans var.…”

Section: Morphologies Of Organisms In Tissues In Various Diseases Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Independent of the species, humans inhale cryptococcal yeasts or basidiospores, and thus the lung is the primary infection site (53,72,90). Few exposed individuals remain asymptomatic, while the majority display pneumonia, cryptococcomas, or pleural effusions.…”

Section: Morphologies Of Organisms In Tissues In Various Diseases Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathologic Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in the 21st Century

2011

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SUMMARY Fungal infections are becoming more frequent because of expansion of at-risk populations and the use of treatment modalities that permit longer survival of these patients. Because histopathologic examination of tissues detects fungal invasion of tissues and vessels as well as the host reaction to the fungus, it is and will remain an important tool to define the diagnostic significance of positive culture isolates or results from PCR testing. However, there are very few instances where the morphological characteristics of fungi are specific. Therefore, histopathologic diagnosis should be primarily descriptive of the fungus and should include the presence or absence of tissue invasion and the host reaction to the infection. The pathology report should also include a comment stating the most frequent fungi associated with that morphology as well as other possible fungi and parasites that should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Alternate techniques have been used to determine the specific agent present in the histopathologic specimen, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and PCR. In addition, techniques such as laser microdissection will be useful to detect the now more frequently recognized dual fungal infections and the local environment in which this phenomenon occurs.

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“…A recent study reported that Candida guilliermondii caused candidemia in 19 % of examined patients with the prevalence in those suffering from haematological malignancies (9). In addition, it is known that Candida albicans and Cryptococus neoformans can cause general infection, especially in imunocompromised people (5,6,10,11). Similar to our study, Limin et al (12) also found the highest number of Candida isolates in unpasteurised apple juice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Candida Species in Fresh Fruit Juices

Uhitil

Hađina

Granić

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Prevalence of Candida Species in Fresh Fruit JuicesFruit juices are popular soft drinks with an important role in human nutrition. Fruit juices are often infested by yeast species that can survive different storage conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of yeast contamination of freshly squeezed juices in three large supermarkets in Zagreb, Croatia. The analysis included 84 juice samples obtained from freshly squeezed orange, lemon, grapefruit, and apples. Their acidity varied between pH 2.1 and pH 4.9. Juice samples were plated directly on Sabouraud 4 % glucose Agar (Merck, 1.05438) and processed according to standardised methods (HRN ISO 7954:2002). Yeasts were isolated in all 84 samples and ranged between 0.005×103 and 23×103 colony forming units per mL (CFU mL-1). The most common yeasts identified using the API 20C AUX yeast kit included Candida guillermondii, C. krusei, C. famata, C. spherica, C. colliculosa, C. albicans, Trichosporon mucoides, Kloeckera spp. and yeast-like fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. C. guillermondii prevailed in 55.95 % of all samples.

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Cryptococcosis: An Emerging Respiratory Mycosis

Cited by 55 publications

References 123 publications

Cryptococcal meningitis with secondary cutaneous involvement in an immunocompetent host

Cryptococcal meningitis with secondary cutaneous involvement in an immunocompetent host

Histopathologic Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in the 21st Century

Prevalence of Candida Species in Fresh Fruit Juices

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