Cryptanalysis and improvement of a semi-quantum private comparison protocol based on Bell states

Single-state semiquantum private comparison based on Bell states

“…In this part, we compare the proposed protocol with the existing SQPC protocols based on Bell states in Refs. [39,43,44,[48][49][50]53]. The detailed comparison results are shown in Table 4.…”

“…In 2020, Jiang [48] put forward two SQPC protocols with Bell states, where the first protocol requires the classical users to measure the received particles but the second protocol doesn't have this requirement. In 2021, Tsai et al [49] and Xie et al [50] pointed out that the first SQPC protocol in Ref. [48] has security loopholes.…”

“…[49] makes TP share a secret key with each classical user in advance through SQKD, while Ref. [50] increases the quantum measurement capability for two classical users. In the same year, Yan et al [51] put forward a SQPC protocol with three-particle GHZ-like states; Ye et al [52] proposed an efficient circular SQPC protocol based on single-particle states without using a preshared key; Sun et al [53] suggested a novel measure-resend SQPC scheme with preshared keys by using Bell states.…”

“…Note that each of the SQPC protocols in Refs. [43,44,[48][49][50]53] needs to employ four kinds of Bell states as initial quantum resource.…”

Cryptanalysis of a Semi-Quantum Bi-Signature Scheme Based on W States

“…Since then, many SQSDC protocols with an entanglement state [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ] and without entanglement [ 69 ] have been proposed. Private comparison is primitive for many cryptographic tasks, and recently, several schemes for semi-quantum private comparison with single photons [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ], Bell states [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ], GHZ-like states [ 78 , 79 , 80 ], and W states [ 81 ] have been proposed.…”