“…In agreement Vajta [40], as well as Cetin and Bastan [41] demonstrated that cumulus layers and glycoproteins around the oocyte may decrease the speed of cryoprotectant penetration. Cumulus cells also play an important role in the in vitro maturation and development of oocytes [42].…”
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cryotop vitrification of sheep cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) on oocyte maturation, apoptotic gene expression and incidence of chromosomal abnormalities. Methods Freshly isolated (control group) and vitrifiedwarmed COCs (cryotop group) were matured in vitro. The expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes was investigated by real-time PCR. The incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities was evaluated by cytogenetic analysis. Results The mean percentage of oocytes in the cryotop and control groups that reached metaphase II was 49.25±3.01% and 51.94±2.7% respectively. The expression rates of proand anti-apoptotic genes were similar in both groups, whereas the incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities was higher in the cryotop group compared to the control group (42.5% vs. 20%, p<0.05). Conclusion Although cryotop vitrification of COCs did not affect the incidence of oocyte maturation or apoptotic gene expression, significant deficiencies in the maintenance of oocyte chromosomal organization were seen.
“…In agreement Vajta [40], as well as Cetin and Bastan [41] demonstrated that cumulus layers and glycoproteins around the oocyte may decrease the speed of cryoprotectant penetration. Cumulus cells also play an important role in the in vitro maturation and development of oocytes [42].…”
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cryotop vitrification of sheep cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) on oocyte maturation, apoptotic gene expression and incidence of chromosomal abnormalities. Methods Freshly isolated (control group) and vitrifiedwarmed COCs (cryotop group) were matured in vitro. The expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes was investigated by real-time PCR. The incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities was evaluated by cytogenetic analysis. Results The mean percentage of oocytes in the cryotop and control groups that reached metaphase II was 49.25±3.01% and 51.94±2.7% respectively. The expression rates of proand anti-apoptotic genes were similar in both groups, whereas the incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities was higher in the cryotop group compared to the control group (42.5% vs. 20%, p<0.05). Conclusion Although cryotop vitrification of COCs did not affect the incidence of oocyte maturation or apoptotic gene expression, significant deficiencies in the maintenance of oocyte chromosomal organization were seen.
“…On the other hand, the DMSO mechanism of action may impair the ability of cumulus cells to expand during the cytoplasmic maturation process, probably without affecting the nuclear maturity of the oocytes (Cetin & Bastan, 2006;Ebrahimi et al, 2010;Hajarian et al, 2011). Accordingly, as our results showed, the nuclear maturity of the oocytes was not affected resulting in a comparable cleavage rate between DMSO-and PROH-treated groups even if the maturation rate was statistically different.…”
Immature bovine oocytes were vitrified using the cryotop method and their post-warming survivability and capability to undergo in vitro maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryonic development were evaluated. In addition throughout the embryonic 2-cell, 4-cell, morula and blastocyst stages, the expression of four developmentally important genes (Cx43, CDH1, DNMT1 and HSPA14) was analysed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immature oocytes (n = 550) were randomly assigned to non-vitrified (fresh) or cryotop vitrification groups using ethylene glycol (EG) with 1,2 propanediol (PROH) or dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). After warming, oocytes survivability, embryo cleavage and embryonic developmental rates were not statistically different between the two cryoprotectants groups. However, the DMSO group had a lower (P < 0.05) oocyte maturation rate compared with the fresh and PROH groups. For morula and blastocyst rates, the DMSO group achieved a lower (P < 0.05) morula rate compared with the fresh group, while at the blastocyst stage, there were no differences between fresh and both cryoprotectants groups. For molecular analysis, at the 4-cell stage, most studied genes showed an inconsistent pattern of expression either from the PROH or DMSO groups. Noteworthily, these differences were limited at the morula and blastocyst stages. In conclusion, the cryotop method is sufficient for vitrification of immature bovine oocytes, both for embryonic developmental competence and at the molecular level. Moreover, PROH showed some advantage over DMSO as a cryoprotectant.
“…In another study in which immature bovine oocytes were vitrified using a mixture 2.5 M EG, ficoll and sucrose in open pulled straws [29], a successful maturation rate of 60% was recorded. Cetin, et al, [30] vitrified immature bovine oocytes and found that 34.1% of oocytes reached the MII stage in EG group. In the present study, we found the decrease of IVM rate in the single step with EFS30 indicating that, during vitrification of mouse GV-COCs, the disconnection between cumulus cells and the oocyte may be caused by the same phenomenon explained in the reports mentioned above.…”
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