Cryomilling for the fabrication of a particulate B4C reinforced Al nanocomposite: Part I. Effects of process conditions on structure

Ye, Jichun; He, Jianhong; Schoenung, Julie M.

doi:10.1007/s11661-006-0190-z

Cited by 88 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Specific parameters for the model are derived from independent experiments and microstructural characterization. [3,16,17] Figure 3 also shows the response predicted by the model and demonstrates good prediction of the measured response. Note that traditional pure continuum models cannot predict the observed response without specifically handling the length-scale dependent features of the first three strengthening mechanisms, as does the model presented here.…”

Section: Length-scale Dependent Micromechanical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 71%

Superlightweight Nanoengineered Aluminum for Strength under Impact

Zhang

Joshi

et al. 2007

Adv Eng Mater

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The search for better armor materials is intimately tied to the history of mankind, and the rise and fall of civilizations is sometimes related to the development of new armor systems [1] . An ideal armor material is expected to have three attributes: sufficient strength at high impact velocities, sufficient toughness to carry normal structural loads, and low weight. The degree to which each attribute is desirable depends both on what is being protected (a vehicle or an individual) and on the specific threat (e.g. an anti-vehicle weapon or a bullet). Materials that have all three attributes have been extraordinarily difficult to find, and much current vehicular armor uses combinations of multiple materials, one of which carries the bulk of the structural load and another, which has the appropriate impact response. Constructing such "armor packages" with sufficiently low weight often defines the limits of vehicular weight, leading directly to limits on the ability to rapidly project military power and constraints on geopolitical operations during global conflicts.Materials used for armor have evolved from natural sources such as wood and leather to synthetics that include fibers, monolithics and hybrid composites of metals, ceramics and polymers. Recent advances in armor materials include aramid fibers for ballistic vests and boron carbide for small arms protective inserts (SAPI) plates. In a monolithic armor design, the material is modified to attain a balanced range of properties to prevent penetration and fragmentation. This is a typical compromise between hardness and ductility in most materials. In modern armor designs, discrete layers of materials are functionally optimized to sequentially shatter/erode the projectile followed by containing all residual debris. This strategy maximizes the gains from each contributing component. However, the performance of such an armor system is bounded by the weighted average of the macro-components in the armor recipe. In this paper, a selectively dispersed nano/micro component material (TriMod) is demonstrated to exhibit extraordinary dynamic flow strength that far exceeds any of the respective individual constituents. This watershed innovation has created a new path to design native armor materials with properties exceeding that of layered armor designs, without compromises.Aluminum (Al) alloys are the most widely used metals in technologies where weight reduction is a major design consideration, and specific approaches such as solid solution strengthening and age-hardening [2] have been developed to strengthen Al-based materials. However, the total strength that is attainable with these approaches is relatively small, and the best traditional aluminum armor materials (such as Al-5083, with 4.4 wt.% Mg, 0.7 wt.% Mn, and 0.15 wt.% Cr and the balance Al) do not have significant advantages over the better armor steels (Fig. 1). We describe here a nanoengineered aluminum-based material that has remarkable properties relevant to armor systems. The material achieves dramatic m...

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Section: Length-scale Dependent Micromechanical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 71%

Superlightweight Nanoengineered Aluminum for Strength under Impact

Zhang

Joshi

et al. 2007

Adv Eng Mater

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“…It is possible, however, to perform a high energy mixing through milling media, so as to eliminate the voids between the matrix and the reinforcement powders through a solid state bonding (Ye et al 2005). For example, in mechanical alloying (MA), matrix and reinforcement are alloyed together by inducing cold welding, fracturing, and rewelding of the powder particles (Suryanarayana 2001(Suryanarayana , 2011Suryanarayana and Al-Aqeeli 2013).…”

Section: Mechanical Alloyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Metal Matrix Composites

Jayalakshmi¹,

Gupta

2015

SpringerBriefs in Materials

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Fundamentals of metal matrix composites are overviewed. The various light metal matrix systems (particularly Al and Mg) and the different types of reinforcements used are mentioned. The various composite production methods are described. Strengthening mechanisms that define the enhancement in properties of composites are discussed. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the composites are summarized. In addition, the several disadvantages encountered in MMCs due to ceramic reinforcement addition are understood from interfacial characteristic/properties. Keywords

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“…The reinforced B4C composite has a lower specific gravity of 2.51 g/cm 3 [136] (less than that of Al, 2.7 g/cm 3 ), compared to 3.20 g/cm 3 for SiC, and 3.96 g/cm 3 for A1 2 O 3 [2], as well as a high impact and wear resistance [137,138], a high melting point [139], a good resistance to chemical agents, and a high capacity for neutron absorption [139][140][141], making itself a promising candidate for the reinforcement in an Al matrix composite [142].…”

Section: B4c Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, severe interfacial reactions between B4C particles and liquid Al have led to the increase of reaction products during the casting process and consequently harmed the fluidity of the melt [25]. Thus, several non-equilibrium methods, such as powder metallurgy [136], infiltration [144][145][146][147], cryomilling [138,142,148], and the shock-compacted method [137] have been utilized.…”

Section: B4c Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Sc and Zr containing Al-B C metal matrix composites for high temperature applications /

Lai¹

2011

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RESUMEDans cette étude, nous nous intéressons principalement au développement de la coulée, et au durcissement structrural des composites à matrice métallique AI-B4C pour des applications à haute temperature. Le scandium et le zirconium ont été introduits dans le système AI-B4C, comme éléments d'alliage, et leurs effets sur la microstrcture, la réponse au vieillissement, les propriétés mécaniques et la stabilité thermique ont été étudiés.Afin de réaliser cette étude, un microscope optique, un microscope électronique à balayage et un microscope électronique à transmission ont été utilisés dans le but d'observer la microstructure de brut de coulée et celle obtenue après vieillissement, d'analyser les réactions interfaciales, la distribution des éléments d'alliage entre l'interface et la matrice ainsi que pour examiner l'évolution des précipités lors de la couleé et le vieillissement.La réponse au vieillissement et le durcissement structural de la matrice ont été suivis par des mesures de dureté 'Vickers'. Les propriétés mécaniques et la stabilité thermique à long terme des composites contenant Se et Zr ont été évaluées en utilisant des essais de dureté Vickers et Rockwell ainsi que des essais de compression.Dans le premier chapitre de cette étude, des plaques de B4C ont été immergées dans l'aluminium liquide contenant Se, Zr et Ti afin d'étudier les réactions interfaciales entre le B4C et l'aluminium liquide. Les effets de Se, Zr et Ti à l'interface en terme d'apports individuels et combinés ont été examinés. Les résultats montrent que les trois éléments réagissent avec B4C et forment des couches interfaciales, qui agissent comme des barrières de diffusion, dans le but de limiter la décomposition du B4C dans l'aluminium liquide. Ainsi, les réactions interfaciales et les produits de réaction dans chaque système ont été identifiés. En combinant le Se, Zr et Ti, une grande quantité de Ti est enrichie à l'interface, qui non seulement offre une protection appropriée au B4C mais aussi une réduction de la consomation de Se et Zr à l'interface.Dans le second chapitre, le scandium et le zirconium ont été introduits dans le composite Al-15vol.% B4C, présaturé par Ti et huit composites à diférents teneurs en Se et Zr ont été préparés par couleé conventionelle. Il a été constaté que le scandium favorise les réactions interfaciales avec B4C qui consomme partiellement le Se. L'ajout de Se procure un durcissement structural considerable dans les conditions de couleé conventionnelle et du pic de veiellissement. Afin d'obtenir un durcissement equivalent de Se dans les alliages binaires, environ le double de la quantité de Se est nécessaire pour les composites AI-B4C. Par contre, aucun produit de réaction majeur de Zr n'a été trouvé aux interfaces. En effet, la majeure partie de Zr se concentre dans la matrice pour le durcissenent structurale. La combinaison de Se et Zr augmente de manière significative le durcissement structural. Deux types de précipités nanométriques, AI3SC et Al3(Sc, Zr), ont été observés dans la 11 microstructu...

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Cryomilling for the fabrication of a particulate B4C reinforced Al nanocomposite: Part I. Effects of process conditions on structure

Cited by 88 publications

References 42 publications

Superlightweight Nanoengineered Aluminum for Strength under Impact

Superlightweight Nanoengineered Aluminum for Strength under Impact

Light Metal Matrix Composites

Developing Sc and Zr containing Al-B C metal matrix composites for high temperature applications /

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