Cryogenic thermometry: a review of progress since 1982

“…The selection of the sensor was restricted to the family of resistive temperature detectors (RTD), which are well known and used since decades in all kind of technical applications [2]. After investigation on calibration, irradiation and thermal cycling at CERN and IPN [3][4] two types of sensors were selected for the LHC-machine: a thin film zirconium oxynitride sensor with the brand name Cernox™, manufactured by Lake Shore Cryotronics and an industrial platinum RTD of type Pt100.…”

Section: Calibration Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of Cryogenic Thermometers for the LHC

Balle¹,

Casas‐Cubillos²,

Vauthier³

et al. 2008

AIP Conference Proceedings

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6000 cryogenic temperature sensors of resistive type covering the range from room temperature down to 1.6 K are installed on the LHC machine. In order to meet the stringent requirements on temperature control of the superconducting magnets, each single sensor needs to be calibrated individually. In the framework of a special contribution, IPN (Institut de Physique Nucléaire) in Orsay, France built and operated a calibration facility with a throughput of 80 thermometers per week.After reception from the manufacturer, the thermometer is first assembled onto a support specific to the measurement environment, and then thermally cycled ten times and calibrated at least once from 1.6 to 300 K. The procedure for each of these interventions includes various measurements and the acquired data is recorded in an ORACLE®-database. Furthermore random calibrations on some samples are executed at CERN to crosscheck the coherence between the approximation data obtained by both IPN and CERN. In the range of 1.5 K to 30 K, the calibration apparatuses at IPN and CERN are traceable to standards maintained in a national metrological laboratory by using a set of rhodium-iron temperature sensors of metrological quality. This paper presents the calibration procedure, the quality assurance applied, the results of the calibration campaigns and the return of experience. ABSTRACT 6000 cryogenic temperature sensors of resistive type covering the range from room temperature down to 1.6 K are installed on the LHC machine. In order to meet the stringent requirements on temperature control of the superconducting magnets, each single sensor needs to be calibrated individually. In the framework of a special contribution, IPN (Institut de Physique Nucléaire) in Orsay, France built and operated a calibration facility with a throughput of 80 thermometers per week. After reception from the manufacturer, the thermometer is first assembled onto a support specific to the measurement environment, and then thermally cycled ten times and calibrated at least once from 1.6 to 300 K. The procedure for each of these interventions includes various measurements and the acquired data is recorded in an ORACLE ® -database. Furthermore random calibrations on some samples are executed at CERN to crosscheck the coherence between the approximation data obtained by both IPN and CERN. In the range of 1.5 K to 30 K, the calibration apparatuses at IPN and CERN are traceable to standards maintained in a national metrological laboratory by using a set of rhodium-iron temperature sensors of metrological quality. This paper presents the calibration procedure, the quality assurance applied, the results of the calibration campaigns and the return of experience.

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“…RuO 2 -based thick film resistors are often used as secondary thermometers, mainly in the temperature range below 4.2 K. This is due to their relatively high temperature sensitivity and low dependence on applied magnetic field [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Analysis and Transport Properties of RuO₂-Based Thick Film Resistors

et al. 2008

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RuO 2 -based low temperature sensors appear as very good secondary thermometers, mainly in the temperature range below 4.2 K. This is due to their high temperature sensitivity and small magnetoresistance. Both properties are strongly influenced by the manufacturing process (mainly by firing temperature and firing time). In our contribution we show that the microstructure of sensors and the temperature dependence of their resistance R(T ) down to 50 mK, in case when all sensors are prepared from the same paste, can be strongly influenced by change of the firing temperature from 800• C to 900 • C. The paper also presents results on the X-ray microanalysis and the analysis of electrical conductivity of these sensors.

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Cryogenic thermometry: a review of progress since 1982

Cited by 57 publications

References 302 publications

Review of temperature measurement

Review of temperature measurement

Calibration of Cryogenic Thermometers for the LHC

Microstructural Analysis and Transport Properties of RuO₂-Based Thick Film Resistors

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Cryogenic thermometry: a review of progress since 1982

Cited by 57 publications

References 302 publications

Review of temperature measurement

Review of temperature measurement

Calibration of Cryogenic Thermometers for the LHC

Microstructural Analysis and Transport Properties of RuO2-Based Thick Film Resistors

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Product

Resources

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Microstructural Analysis and Transport Properties of RuO₂-Based Thick Film Resistors