Cryogenic secondary electron yield measurements on structural materials applied in particle accelerators

Fang, Jianwei; Hong, Yongtaek; Wang, Sihui; Zhu, Bangle; Zhang, Wenli; Bian, Baoyuan; Yong, Wang

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2021.166292

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2021.166292

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Cryogenic secondary electron yield measurements on structural materials applied in particle accelerators

Jianwei Fang

Yongtaek Hong

Sihui Wang

et al.

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…However, adsorption of CO or CO 2 (Kuzucan, 2011;Kuzucan et al, 2012) has the opposite effect and increases the SEY with respect to the clean Cu surface. Most SEY studies of materials have been carried out at or above room temperature (Baglin et al, 2000;Hilleret et al, 2003;Patino et al, 2018) and rarely at cryogenic temperatures (Kuzucan, 2011;Kuzucan et al, 2012;Fang et al, 2022), which is the region of interest for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). More importantly, there have been no systematic studies of physisorbed gases that have a significant effect on the SEY of systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simulation studies of secondary electron yield with electron transport from Cu (110) surfaces containing C2, N2, CO2, or NO2 adsorbates

Maille

Dennis²,

Pokhrel³

et al. 2023

Front. Mater.

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Secondary electron yields of (110) copper surfaces, covered with either carbon, nitrogen, or their dioxides, have been studied by employing combined first principles methods for the material properties and Monte Carlo simulations for electron transport. Furthermore, by studying electron transport inside the Cu system and modeling the power loss taking account of the inelastic electron scattering within the material, changes in the thermal energy of the system have been modeled. The physical reasons behind the increase and decrease of the yield for each system from an electronic perspective are discussed. In agreement with results observed in studies of secondary electron emission, it is shown that the formation of C2 and N2 monolayers reduce the secondary electron yields, while CO2 and NO2 increase the yield significantly. It is demonstrated that in the case of C2 and N2 formation, changes in the surface electronic barrier reduce the probability of electron escape from the Cu surface, resulting in lower secondary electron emission. Formation of CO2 and NO2, on the other hand, reduce the electronic barrier effects. In addition, due to weak bonding of the CO2 layer with the Cu host, the surface provides an additional source of secondary electrons resulting in higher electronic emission yield. Moreover, the NO2 adsorbate creates a surface electric field that changes the surface electron energy and increases the electron escape probability. Additionally, it is verified that thermal change in the system is negligible and so during secondary electron emission measurements, negligible (if any) surface adsorption or desorption could occur.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation studies of secondary electron yield with electron transport from Cu (110) surfaces containing C2, N2, CO2, or NO2 adsorbates

Maille

Dennis²,

Pokhrel³

et al. 2023

Front. Mater.

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Collector-based measurement of gas desorption and secondary electron emission induced by 0–1.4 keV electrons from LHC-grade copper at 15 K

Haubner

Baglin²,

Henrist³

2022

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Investigation on activation characterization, secondary electron yield, and surface resistance of novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Cu non-evaporable getters

Yigit,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The performance of next-generation particle accelerators has been adversely affected by the occurrence of electron multipacting and vacuum instabilities. Particularly, minimization of secondary electron emission (SEE) and reduction of surface resistance are two critical issues to prevent some of the phenomena such as beam instability, reduction of beam lifetime, and residual gas ionization, all of which occur as a result of these adverse effects in next-generation particle accelerators. For the first time, novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Cu non-evaporable getter (NEG) films were prepared on stainless steel substrates by using the direct current magnetron sputtering technique to reduce surface resistance and SEE yield with an efficient pumping performance. Based on the experimental findings, the surface resistance of the quinary Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Cu NEG films was established to be 6.6 × 10−7 Ω m for sample no. 1, 6.4 × 10−7 Ω m for sample no. 2, and 6.2 × 10−7 Ω m for sample no. 3. The δmax measurements recorded for Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Cu NEG films are 1.33 for sample no. 1, 1.34 for sample no. 2, and 1.35 for sample no. 3. Upon heating the Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Cu NEG film to 150 °C, the XPS spectra results indicated that there are significant changes in the chemical states of its constituent metals, Ti, Zr, V, Hf, and Cu, and these chemical state changes continued with heating at 180 °C. This implies that upon heating at 150 °C, the Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Cu NEG film becomes activated, showing that novel quinary NEG films can be effectively employed as getter pumps for generating ultra-high vacuum conditions.

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Cryogenic secondary electron yield measurements on structural materials applied in particle accelerators

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Simulation studies of secondary electron yield with electron transport from Cu (110) surfaces containing C2, N2, CO2, or NO2 adsorbates

Simulation studies of secondary electron yield with electron transport from Cu (110) surfaces containing C2, N2, CO2, or NO2 adsorbates

Collector-based measurement of gas desorption and secondary electron emission induced by 0–1.4 keV electrons from LHC-grade copper at 15 K

Investigation on activation characterization, secondary electron yield, and surface resistance of novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Cu non-evaporable getters

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