Crustacean hematopoiesis and the astakine cytokines

Lin, Xionghui; Söderhäll, Irene

doi:10.1182/blood-2010-11-320614

Cited by 197 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The nature of HCs has been debated; these cells may be immature or prematurely released prohemocytes of the SGC or GC lineage, as suggested (van de Braak et al, 2002) for P. monodon. This view is further substantiated by our studies in P. leniusculus (Lin and Söderhäll, 2011b) and might support previous studies in the swimming crab (Hammond and Smith, 2002). In short, crustacean hemocytes are typically classified into three major classes, GCs, SGCs and HCs, based on cytoplasmic granularity, staining properties, density and nuclear size.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Three main classes of hemocytes are recognized in Drosophila: the plasmatocyte (PC), which is phagocytic; the crystal cell (CC), involved in melanization; and the encapsulating lamellocyte (LC). The GC in crayfish is slightly comparable in function to CCs in Drosophila, whereas SGCs and HCs are partially phagocytic but not strictly comparable to plasmatocytes in flies (Grigorian and Hartenstein, 2013;Lin and Söderhäll, 2011a). …”

Section: Proteins In P Leniusculus Hematopoiesis -A Comparison With mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Only a few proteins specific for different hemocyte types have been identified. However, some of the proteins detected in P. leniusculus have been used to identify different differentiation pathways, showing the importance of such "marker" proteins for understanding how hematopoiesis is regulated (Lin et al, 2010;Lin and Söderhäll, 2011b;Wu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Molecular Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, during the past decade, RNA interference techniques have made additional molecular studies possible in these animals (Liu and Söderhäll, 2007). Furthermore, we developed a technique to isolate and culture populations of HPT cells in vitro, thereby characterizing these cells and performing studies concerning the molecular regulation of hemocyte differentiation (Lin and Söderhäll, 2011b;Söderhäll et al, 2005). Previously, HPT cell cultures have been reported for Nephrops norvegicus, but these cultures did not proliferate, and no cell differentiation was observed (Mulford et al, 2000).…”

Section: Molecular Regulation Of Hemocyte Synthesis Differentiation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proPO system is observed in granular cells (GCs), which function in the circulatory systems of crayfish. GCs and other hemocytes are produced throughout the life of the animal in a specific hemocyte-forming tissue called hematopoietic tissue (HPT) (Lin and Söderhäll, 2011a). When a parasite or foreign object enters the hemocoel (body cavity), certain hemocyte types perform phagocytosis and encapsulate these objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustacean hematopoiesis

Söderhäll

2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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164

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Crustacean hemocytes are important mediators of immune reactions, and the regulation of hemocyte homeostasis is of utmost importance for the health of these animals. This review discusses the current knowledge on the lineages, synthesis and differentiation of hemocytes in crustaceans. Hematopoietic tissues, their origins, and the regulation of hematopoiesis during molting, seasonal variation and infection are discussed. Furthermore, studies concerning the molecular regulation of hemocyte formation in crustaceans are also described, and the different lineages and their molecular markers are discussed and compared with several insect species. Signaling pathways and the regulation of hematopoiesis by transcription factors are typically conserved among these arthropods, whereas cytokines and growth factors are more variable and species specific. However, considering the great diversity among the crustaceans, one should be cautious in drawing general conclusions from studies of only a few species.2

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Proteins In P Leniusculus Hematopoiesis -A Comparison With mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Molecular Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Regulation Of Hemocyte Synthesis Differentiation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustacean hematopoiesis

Söderhäll

2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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164

138

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Immunology of Invertebrates: Cellular

Smith

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Circulating blood cells are the primary mediators of immunity in invertebrates, carrying out the phagocytic, pathogen trapping and other inflammatory responses that protect invertebrates against infection without specific immunoglobulin antibodies and immune memory. Different immune cell types are usually specialised for different functions with, in general, immune cell diversity tending to increase with body complexity and life history. However, common to most species are phagocytic and/or granular‐type cells that synthesise and store bioactive proteins. Cellular immunity is induced by non‐self motifs on the surface of pathogens or parasites recognised by cell‐derived pattern recognition receptors with diverse binding specificities. Cell death appears to be inherent in immune reactivity of many invertebrates and, in some cases, aids pathogen trapping, which prevents their spread around the body. New immune cells are produced, at least in coelomates, by mesodermal haematopoietic tissues. Key Concepts Immunity in invertebrates is confined to non‐specific inflammatory responses, mediated to a large extent by the circulating blood cells (haemocytes or coelomocytes) or their products. All coelomate invertebrates contain populations of freely circulating cells dedicated to host defence, some well developed for specialist purposes. There are no true vertebrate‐type lymphocytes and no long‐term, highly specific immune memory in invertebrates. The main invertebrate cellular immune responses include phagocytosis, pathogen trapping, cytotoxicity and the synthesis and release of microbicidal agents. These cellular reactions often involve the death of immune cells or their removal from the circulation, requiring new cells to be synthesised in the haemopoietic tissue and released into the blood. Genomic and proteomic studies have enabled many of the proteins responsible for cellular defence in invertebrates to be identified, especially in arthropods. Whilst many of the responses and pathways are ancient and highly conserved, there is great diversity in the effector molecules across the invertebrates as a whole.

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Adult neurogenesis in crayfish: Origin, expansion, and migration of neural progenitor lineages in a pseudostratified neuroepithelium

Brenneis

Beltz

2019

J of Comparative Neurology

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Two decades after the discovery of adult-born neurons in the brains of decapod crustaceans, the deutocerebral proliferative system (DPS) producing these neural lineages has become a model of adult neurogenesis in invertebrates. Studies on crayfish have provided substantial insights into the anatomy, cellular dynamics, and regulation of the DPS. Contrary to traditional thinking, recent evidence suggests that the neurogenic niche in the crayfish DPS lacks self-renewing stem cells, its cell pool being instead sustained via integration of hemocytes generated by the innate immune system. Here, we investigated the origin, division and migration patterns of the adultborn neural progenitor (NP) lineages in detail. We show that the niche cell pool is not only replenished by hemocyte integration but also by limited numbers of symmetric cell divisions with some characteristics reminiscent of interkinetic nuclear migration.Once specified in the niche, first generation NPs act as transit-amplifying intermediate NPs that eventually exit and produce multicellular clones as they move along migratory streams toward target brain areas. Different clones may migrate simultaneously in the streams but occupy separate tracks and show spatio-temporally flexible division patterns. Based on this, we propose an extended DPS model that emphasizes structural similarities to pseudostratified neuroepithelia in other arthropods and vertebrates. This model includes hemocyte integration and intrinsic cell proliferation to synergistically counteract niche cell pool depletion during the animal's lifespan. Further, we discuss parallels to recent findings on mammalian adult neurogenesis, as both systems seem to exhibit a similar decoupling of proliferative replenishment divisions and consuming neurogenic divisions.

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Crustacean hematopoiesis and the astakine cytokines

Cited by 197 publications

References 73 publications

Crustacean hematopoiesis

Crustacean hematopoiesis

Immunology of Invertebrates: Cellular

Adult neurogenesis in crayfish: Origin, expansion, and migration of neural progenitor lineages in a pseudostratified neuroepithelium

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