Crude oil wax: A review on formation, experimentation, prediction, and remediation techniques

Kiyingi, Wyclif; Guo, Jixiang; Xiong, Ruiying; Li, Su; Yang, Xiaohui; Zhang, Shiling

doi:10.1016/j.petsci.2022.08.008

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Powdered fruits with different weights (155.32, 113.48, 120.36, 194.85, and 83.58 g), 150 ml of 99.5% diethyl ether and temperature 35–45 were used. After the solvent evaporated and the flask cooled, it was weighed again 21 . The percentage of crude oil and wax producer was calculated using the formula: …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical variations antioxidant, and antibacterial activities among zebaria sumac (Rhus coriaria var. zebaria) populations in Iraq

Shahrivari,

Zeebaree,

Alizadeh-Salteh

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is one of the medicinal plants of Anacardiaceae family and widely used as a spice in Iran and Arab countries. Rhus coriaria var. zebaria is a small tree or large shrub, wildly growing in Iraq and described as a new variety with special characteristics. These increase the importance of studying sumac in these areas. Here, the phytochemical variations and the antibacterial activity of 50 accessions of this variety from five different climatic conditions was evaluated in order to identify the best accession to use and the best area for its cultivation. This is the most comprehensive study on this plant. Essential oil compounds were identified using GC–MS method and according to the results, Z, E-2,13-octadecadien, caryophyllene oxide, 2,4-decadienal, E-caryophyllene and nonanoic acid were among the main compounds. Also, the variety is a rich source of minerals including K, Ca, Mg, Na, P, and N. Sumac fruit extract from Akre Xerds had the highest anthocyanin and the lowest amount was from Kavilca region. The radical scavenging effect of extract from Dostic area in the concentration of 400 µg/mL is closer to the effect of ascorbic acid. The largest inhibition was found in the sumac extracted oil of Xasto Zhere area against S. aureus in compared with penicillin and amoxicillin and enrofloxacin antibiotics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical variations antioxidant, and antibacterial activities among zebaria sumac (Rhus coriaria var. zebaria) populations in Iraq

Shahrivari,

Zeebaree,

Alizadeh-Salteh

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…For this reason, heavy component deposition, being one of the most important flow assurance problems in the petroleum industry, has been comprehensively studied for decades. 5 The complexity of the situation with heavy component deposition increases manifold in the case of waxy oils. 14 The simultaneous presence of asphaltenes, resins, and paraffins greatly affects the precipitation processes.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive material has been accumulated over the course of a long-term study of the oil dispersion system (ODS), which made it possible to form a general idea of the structure , and processes occurring in the system depending on various parameters. − In particular, it became clear that the properties of the ODS largely depend on intermolecular/van der Waals interactions of different types, including interaction between permanent multipoles (hydrogen bonds, pi-stacking, and cation–pi interaction), Debye forces between a permanent and induced multipole, as well as London dispersion interaction, which are rather sensitive to its composition. There are no models describing ODS taking into account all these interactions yet, and their details at the molecular level are still not completely clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no models describing ODS taking into account all these interactions yet, and their details at the molecular level are still not completely clear. Despite numerous efforts made, it is still difficult to formulate simple and unambiguous rules based on molecular dynamics, quantum chemistry, and similar approaches that would become the basis of thermodynamics description and physicochemical models of macroscopic behavior of the system needed by chemical engineers. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these negative consequences of deposit formation require remedial operations which cost significant financial expenses. For this reason, heavy component deposition, being one of the most important flow assurance problems in the petroleum industry, has been comprehensively studied for decades. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resin–Paraffin Aggregation Processes in Waxy Oil Revealed by Vanadyl Porphyrin Spin Probe

2023

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The work demonstrates the great potential of using a vanadyl porphyrin probe to study resin−paraffin aggregation processes in oils. The dynamics and polarity of the local environment of vanadyl octaethylporphine (VOOEP), used as a spin probe, specially introduced into oil with a high content of paraffins and resins, have been studied. It has been found that VOOEP does not enter into paraffin crystallites even at temperatures 25 K below the wax appearance temperature but forms aggregates composed of resin molecules that can be adsorbed onto the surface of paraffins. The proposed approach to the precise simulation of experimental ESR spectra based on the Monte Carlo method in the temperature range in which partial averaging of anisotropic interactions is observed showed that as the temperature decreases from 320 to 200 K, the fraction of aggregates that capture the spin probe increases from 10 to 80%. It has been found that the incorporation of VOOEP into the aggregates is accompanied by an increase in the polarity of the local environment of the spin probe, which is consistent with the proposed mechanism of resin−paraffin aggregation processes in waxy oils.

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Research on Dynamic Prediction Model of Wax Deposition in Wellbore

Deng

Gao

et al. 2023

Chem Technol Fuels Oils

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Crude oil wax: A review on formation, experimentation, prediction, and remediation techniques

Cited by 20 publications

References 118 publications

Phytochemical variations antioxidant, and antibacterial activities among zebaria sumac (Rhus coriaria var. zebaria) populations in Iraq

Phytochemical variations antioxidant, and antibacterial activities among zebaria sumac (Rhus coriaria var. zebaria) populations in Iraq

Resin–Paraffin Aggregation Processes in Waxy Oil Revealed by Vanadyl Porphyrin Spin Probe

Research on Dynamic Prediction Model of Wax Deposition in Wellbore

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