Crude oil exposure reduces ice algal growth in a sea-ice mesocosm experiment

Dilliplaine, Kyle; Oggier, Marc; Collins, R. Eric; Eicken, Hajo; Gradinger, Rolf; Bluhm, Bodil A.

doi:10.1007/s00300-021-02818-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…After release the droplets can travel several hundred square kilometres within several days (Berenshtein et al, 2020) and are exposed to weathering processes that continually decrease the droplet size (e.g. Daling et al, 1990;Resby and Wang, 2004;Dilliplaine et al, 2021). The dispersed droplet distribution sizes can be described by a log-normal distribution of submicrometre droplets with an experimentally measured peak for weathered oil centred around a median radius of 0.05 µm (Otremba, 2007;Li et al, 2011;Johansen et al, 2013;Haule et al, 2015;Haule and Freda, 2016).…”

Section: Droplet Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the effects of background concentrations of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo

Roche

King

2022

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Sea ice albedo plays an important role in modulating the climate of Earth and is affected by low background concentrations of oil droplets within the ice matrix that absorb solar radiation. In this study, the albedo response of three different types of bare sea ice (melting, first-year, and multi-year sea ice) are calculated at increasing mass ratios (0–1000 ng g−1) of crude oil by using a coupled atmosphere–sea ice radiative-transfer model (TUV-snow; Tropospheric Ultraviolet–Visible) over the optical wavelengths 400–700 nm. The different types of quasi-infinite-thickness sea ice exhibit different albedo responses to oil pollution, with a 1000 ng g−1 mass ratio of oil causing a decrease to 70.9 % in multi-year sea ice, 47.2 % in first-year sea ice, and 22.1 % in melting sea ice relative to the unpolluted albedo at a wavelength of 400 nm. The thickness of the sea ice is also an important factor, with realistic-thickness sea ices exhibiting similar results, albeit with a weaker albedo response for multi-year sea ice to 75.3 %, first-year sea ice to 66.3 %, and melting sea ice to 35.9 %. The type of oil also significantly affects the response of sea ice albedo, with a relatively opaque and heavy crude oil (Romashkino oil) causing a significantly larger decrease in sea ice albedo than a relatively transparent light crude oil (Petrobaltic oil). The size of the oil droplets polluting the oil also plays a minor role in the albedo response, with weathered submicrometre droplets (0.05–0.5 µm radius) of Romashkino oil being the most absorbing across the optical wavelengths considered. Therefore, the work presented here demonstrates that low background concentrations of small submicrometre- to micrometre-sized oil droplets have a significant effect on the albedo of bare sea ice. All three types of sea ice are sensitive to oil pollution; however, first-year sea ice and particularly melting sea ice are very sensitive to oil pollution.

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Section: Droplet Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As oil is released into seawater it is influenced by several weathering processes: evaporation, dispersion, wave action, sedimentation, photo-oxidation, and bioremineralisation (e.g. Daling et al, 1990;Resby and Wang, 2004;Dilliplaine et al, 2021). The physicochemical properties of oil (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the effects of background concentrations of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo

Roche

King

2022

The Cryosphere

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“…Figure 5a shows the initial uniform cooling of the saline solution before the freezing point was reached. 2007), Gully and others (2007), Bullock and others (2017), Oggier and others (2019), Dilliplaine and others (2021) University of Alberta Cold Room Facility n/a n/a Artificial sea…”

Section: Sea Ice Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the design considerations for the laboratory growth of sea ice

et al. 2023

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Sample collection and field studies of sea ice take place under harsh conditions which, combined with the logistical difficulties and high cost of voyages to the polar regions, limits the abilities of researchers to determine its properties. Observations of laboratory-grown sea ice can help quantify important sea-ice properties and incorporate them into numerical models. The growth of laboratory sea ice requires experimental set-ups that consider the complexity of sea-ice growth. Regulation and monitoring of environmental variables allow for growth and melt conditions to be controlled, manipulated and reproduced. Facilities thus vary widely because of differing research objectives. This paper presents a summary of some of the published sea-ice laboratories that study the physical properties of sea ice and an overview of their major design considerations, such as tank size, freezing method and instrumentation. It also discusses how these design considerations were implemented in the set-up of the new sea-ice growth laboratory at the Marine and Antarctic Research for Innovation and Sustainability. This paper should guide others in designing their facilities as well as in their understanding of other facilities for results comparison.

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“…The third was a three year collaboration between SINTEF and the Research Council of Norway looking at the 'Fate, Behaviour and Response to Oil Drifting into Scattered Ice and Ice Edge in the Marginal Ice Zone' (Singsaas et al, 2020). Smaller studies have looked into the hyperspectral features of oil-polluted sea ice (Liu et al, 2018) and the effects of exposure to crude oil on ice algae (Dilliplaine et al, 2021). In another study, Gavrilo and Tarashkevich (1992) found that crude oil can migrate vertically through multiyear ice if it is pumped either into or below the ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the climatic impact of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo

Roche

King

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Sea ice albedo is an important component of the Earth’s climate and is affected by low background concentrations of oil droplets within the ice matrix that absorb solar radiation. In this study the albedo response of three different types of sea ice (multi-year, first-year, and melting sea ice) are calculated at increasing mass ratios (0–1000 ng g−1) of crude oil by using a coupled atmosphere-sea ice radiative-transfer model (TUV-snow) over the optical wavelengths 400–700 nm. The different types of quasi-infinite thickness sea ice exhibit different albedo responses to oil pollution, with a 1000 ng g−1 mass ratio of oil causing a decrease to 70.9 % in multi-year sea ice, 47.9 % in first-year sea ice, and 22 % in melting sea ice relative to the unpolluted albedo at a wavelength of 400 nm. The thickness of the sea ice is also an important factor, with realistic thickness sea ices exhibiting similar results, albeit with a weaker albedo response for multi-year sea ice to 75.3 %, first-year sea ice to 66.7 %, and melting sea ice to 35.7 %. The type of oil also plays a significant role on the response of sea ice albedo, with a relatively opaque and heavy crude oil (Romashkino oil) causing a significantly larger decrease in sea ice albedo than a relatively transparent light crude oil (Petrobaltic oil). The size of the oil droplets polluting the oil also plays a minor role in the albedo response, with weathered submicron droplets (0.05–0.5 µm radius) of Romashkino oil being the most absorbing across the optical wavelengths considered. Therefore, the work presented here demonstrates that low background concentrations of small submicron to micron-sized oil droplets have a significant effect on sea ice albedo. All three types of sea ice are affected, however first-year sea ice and particularly melting sea ice are very sensitive to oil pollution; thus, the Arctic may become more vulnerable to oil pollution as the ice becomes progressively thinner and younger in response to a changing climate.

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Crude oil exposure reduces ice algal growth in a sea-ice mesocosm experiment

Cited by 4 publications

References 83 publications

Quantifying the effects of background concentrations of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo

Quantifying the effects of background concentrations of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo

Review of the design considerations for the laboratory growth of sea ice

Quantifying the climatic impact of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo

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