Cruciferous Vegetables, Isothiocyanates, and Bladder Cancer Prevention

Abstract

Bladder cancer is a significant health burden due to its high prevalence, risk of mortality, morbidity, and high cost of medical care. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diets rich in cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, are associated with lower bladder cancer risk. Phytochemicals in cruciferous vegetables, such as glucosinolates, which are enzymatically hydrolyzed to bioactive isothiocyanates, are possible mediators of an anticancer effect. In vitro studies have shown inhibition of bladder cancer cell lines, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis by these isothiocyanates, in particular sulforaphane and erucin. Although not yet completely understood, many mechanisms of anticancer activity at the steps of cancer initiation, promotion, and progression have been attributed to these isothiocyanates. They target multiple pathways including the adaptive stress response, phase I/II enzyme modulation, pro-growth, pro-survival, pro-inflammatory signaling, angiogenesis, and even epigenetic modulation. Multiple in vivo studies have shown the bioavailability of isothiocyanates and their antitumoral effects. Although human studies are limited, they support oral bioavailability with reasonable plasma and urine concentrations achieved. Overall, both cell and animal studies support a potential role for isothiocyanates in bladder cancer prevention and treatment. Future studies are necessary to examine clinically relevant outcomes and define guidelines on ameliorating the bladder cancer burden.

Phytochemicals based chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies and modern technologies to overcome limitations for better clinical applications

“…Isothiocyanates like SFN and erucin have been shown to inhibit the growth of neoplastic bladder cells. Moreover, the enhanced bioavailability of isothiocyanates has shown a better chemopreventive effect in an animal model of bladder cancer (Abbaoui, Lucas, Riedl, Clinton, & Mortazavi, ; Kumar et al, ; Mitsiogianni et al, ).…”

The Glucosinolates, A Sulphur Glucoside Family of Mustard Phytochemicals With Diverse Biomedical Application

“…Leukemia [87,124,[175][176][177][178][179] Prostate cancer [91,95,[180][181][182] non-small cell lung cancer cells [107,183,184] Pancreatic cancer [165,[185][186][187] Breast cancer [92, 93, 101-103, 105, 108, 109, 188-195] Bladder cancer [169,[196][197][198][199][200][201] Ovarian cancer [99] HepG2 Carcinoma Cells [202][203][204][205][206] Gastric cancer [207,208] Squamous cell carcinoma [209,210] Nasopharangeal cancer [211] Melanoma [212] Glioma [173,[213][214][215] Colon cancer [110,216,217] Lung cancer [218,219]...…”

The accumulation of K+, Ca2+, Na+ and P in Sinapis nigra L. grown in the presence of NaCl and silicon

“…Sinapis nigra L. or the black mustard is a plant cultivated mostly for food and medicinal purposes. It belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is native and grown in arid and semi-arid areas of the world where the drought and salinization can adversely affect the growth and quality of cultivated plants which can eventually decrease their yield and economic value (Abbaoui et al, 2018). In recent decades, the problem of salinization is aggravated by climate change and the use of highly mineralized irrigation water as well as improper soil management (Taiz and Zeiger, 2014).…”

“…In recent years, the Brassicaceae family became a focus on the growing interest as studies have shown that high consumption of green parts (shoot) and seeds of these crops reduces the risk of a great number of health problems (Abbaoui et al, 2018). The high consumption level of Sinapis herb reduces the risk of a great number of cancers, particularly cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, bladder and prostate (Johnson, 2018).…”