Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children?

Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves; Cousens, Simon; Siqueira, Luiz Fernando de Góes; Alves, Fábio Abreu; D'Angelo, Luiz Antônio V

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-19

Cited by 151 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The risk of presenting acute lower respiratory illness for children with a previous history of acute lower respiratory infection was twice as great for children with previous episodes of wheezing, and the increase in the risk of acute lower respiratory illness was directly associated with the number of episodes. These findings confirm others already described in the literature as to the presence of previous illness 11,18,29,30 .…”

Section: Risk Factors Prevalence In Unexposed (%) Prevalence Ratio 95%cisupporting

confidence: 93%

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Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

et al. 2008

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9% presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.

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Section: Risk Factors Prevalence In Unexposed (%) Prevalence Ratio 95%cisupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although much of the effect of household crowding was confounded by environmental and socioeconomic variables, it is an important independent risk factor for acute lower respiratory illness (especially the number of persons sharing the children's bedroom) 11,18,19 .…”

Section: Risk Factors Prevalence In Unexposed (%) Prevalence Ratio 95%cimentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

et al. 2008

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“…The crowding levels at home were associated with cough and phlegm among children 3. Cardoso et al 27. found that children below 5 years of age sharing a bedroom had an increased risk of lower respiratory infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent lung function associated with incense burning and other environmental exposures at home

Chen

2016

Indoor Air

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Incense burning is a popular cultural and religious practice, but whether exposure to incense smoke has effects on lung function is unclear. We investigated association between lung function and incense burning exposure and other household exposures in adolescents who participated in a mass asthma‐screening program. Information on asthmatic status and associated factors was obtained from parent‐completed questionnaires and student‐completed video questionnaires. Approximately 10% of students received lung function examinations. Valid lung function data of 5010 students aged 14‐16 years in northern Taiwan were analyzed. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV 1) were compared by incense burning status and other types of exposures for adolescents. Overall, 70.6% of students were exposed to incense smoke at home. The mean FVC and FEV 1 measures were lower among adolescents with daily exposure to incense burning than those without such exposure (P<.05). Sharing bedroom was also associated with decreased FVC and FEV 1. After controlling for confounding factors, multivariable linear regression analysis with generalized estimation equation showed that FVC was negatively associated with daily exposure to incense burning, sharing a bedroom, and living in a house adjacent to a traffic road. Such associations were also observed in FEV 1. Daily exposure to incense burning is associated with impaired adolescent lung function.

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“…Alternatively, one may interpret this result as being consistent with the so-called hygiene hypothesis . This hypothesis is that improvements in hygiene and public health may have reduced the stimulation of micro-organisms in the environment and reduced the immunoresponse in children, making them more susceptible to allergic disease (Cardoso et al, 2004).…”

Section: Chronic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child health and the income gradient: Evidence from Australia

Khanam

Nghiem

Connelly

2009

Journal of Health Economics

118

114

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Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children?

Abstract: Background: To study the effects of household crowding upon the respiratory health of young children living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Cited by 151 publications

References 23 publications

Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

Adolescent lung function associated with incense burning and other environmental exposures at home

Child health and the income gradient: Evidence from Australia

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