Crowd Behaviour and Collective Action

Abstract

Crowd behaviour and collective action are integral to historical and political developments ; they are the hands that turn the wheels of confl ict and peace and propel societal change. Crowds engaging in collective action are the very embodiment of mass political mobilisation, as seen in countless examples from the Arab Spring to the Occupy movements to European anti-austerity rallies. In this chapter, we examine the contribution of social identity theory to understanding crowd behaviour and collective action, and discuss possibilities for continued theoretical integration and promoting social change. We fi rst discuss competing theories of crowd behaviour, showing how those based on the social identity approach have progressed our understanding. We also discuss how the application of such an approach to understanding specifi c riot events has led to a conceptual and theoretical synthesis of collective action and crowd behaviour. We then examine social identity explanations of collective action more broadly, before analysing the apparent disconnect between established models of crowd behaviour and those of collective action, with a view to theoretical integration. Finally, we address the role of social identity in peace and confl ict more broadly, and discuss future directions in this area of research. Theories of Crowd Behaviour: From Impulse to IdentityGiven the immense role of crowd behaviour in societal history and development , it makes sense that many competing theories have been proposed to explain it. Here we discuss only the main theories that have infl uenced the psychological study of crowds, reviewing their merits and historical progression. We also show how the

Memahami dinamika psikologis individu yang turut terlibat dalam kerusuhan massa Mei 1998: Sebuah kerangka psikologis

“…Stereotipe antar kelompok dapat menciptakan perasaan benci dan hina yang dalam hubungan antar kelompok dianggap sebagai pemicu awal dari tindakan kekerasan antar kelompok (Shuman dkk., 2016;Tausch dkk., 2011). Selanjutnya, stereotipe dikaitkan dengan konflik antar kelompok dan biasa terjadi dalam konteks sosial dan politik yang menimbulkan gerakan politik massa (LaMacchia & Louis, 2016). Secara khusus, kemarahan terhadap ketidakadilan oleh kelompok lain adalah salah satu prediktor terkuat untuk berpartisipasi dalam demonstrasi massa (Zomeren dkk., 2008).…”