Croup

Bjornson, Candice; Johnson, David W.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60170-1

Cited by 157 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Although age was not found to have a significant effect on clinical severity or cytokine/hormone levels, most of the children under the age of 6 months were observed to be in the moderate/severe group. Due to the narrowness of the subglottic areas, children under two years of age may be exposed to more frequent and more severe croup 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are cytokines and cortisol important predictors for the severity of pediatric croup: A case control study

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and PAF), cortisol, and IgE in the pathogenesis of croup and the factors determining its clinical severity. Patients diagnosed with croup at the Pediatric Emergency Department were included and thirty healthy children were included as a control group. Patients' demographic characteristics, clinical findings, recurrent croup history, and patient-family atopy history were recorded. Patients were grouped according to the Westley croup scoring system. Blood samples were taken from the control group and the patients for cytokines and cortisol. Respiratory pathogens were studied with PCR. Sixty-nine pediatric cases who were diagnosed as croup were included in the study (34 mild, 31 moderate, 4 severe). Group comparisons were made in terms of mild and moderate/severe groups. In the moderate/severe group, IL-10 and cortisol levels were higher than the mild group. The moderate/ severe cortisol levels between 12:00 am-6:00 pm were found to be higher. PAF and TNF-alpha levels were detected to be higher in patients with a history of atopy. Viral agents were isolated in 45 patients; rhinovirus PCR tests were positive in 22 patients.In this study, rhinovirus was the most common etiology for croup. Increased levels of IL-10 and cortisol in the moderate/severe group indicate that different systemic and local mechanisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of croup.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It affects young children between 6 months and 36 months of age more commonly than other ages 1,2 . Croup is caused by a viral infection of the respiratory tract, and parainfluenza virus is the most common pathogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are cytokines and cortisol important predictors for the severity of pediatric croup: A case control study

et al. 2017

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“…Although only 5 per cent of affected children require hospital admission, 8 croup is a sufficiently common illness that this translates to a significant impact in terms of cost and healthcare resource utilisation. As a result, there is much interest in the development of new treatments that reduce the need for, or shorten the duration of, hospital admission.…”

Section: Evidence-based Approach To Croup Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and management of viral croup in children

Wright¹,

Bush²

2016

Prescriber

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Croup is an acute respiratory illness that commonly affects preschool children. Although severe episodes requiring hospital admission occur in around 5 per cent of cases, the majority of children have a mild, self‐limiting illness, which can be safely managed at home. This article discusses the approach to clinical assessment and evidence‐based management of childhood croup in both hospital and primary care settings.

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“…Children who have stridor secondary to the presence of a foreign body usually present with a clear history of ingestion. Stridor, indrawing of the sternum, agitation or lethargy, respiratory rate, and pulse rate are also included in different clinical score to assess disease severity [4,5]. Other methods for objective assessment have been reported but are found to be either impractical, or insensitive [5].…”

Section: Comment: Listening To the Stridor Camilla Tozzetti Pietro Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stridor, indrawing of the sternum, agitation or lethargy, respiratory rate, and pulse rate are also included in different clinical score to assess disease severity [4,5]. Other methods for objective assessment have been reported but are found to be either impractical, or insensitive [5]. In a retrospective study, children with persistent sternal indrawing at presentation to an ED had a 6% probability for endotrachael intubation, whereas those without sternal and chest-wall indrawing recovered rapidly without any specific treatment [6].…”

Section: Comment: Listening To the Stridor Camilla Tozzetti Pietro Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Achalasia: a rare cause of stridor

et al. 2008

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A 56-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) acutely stridorous. The patient was leaning forward, unable to speak and could not swallow. The patient was, however, able to communicate through gesturing and writing. She confirmed a prior history of untreated achalasia, and had eaten a large meal one hour prior to ED presentation.Physical examination (PE) revealed a woman in obvious respiratory distress. Vital signs included: temperature 36.4°C, pulse 92 beats per minute, blood pressure 109/ 56 mmHg, respiratory rate 30 breaths per minute and a room air oxygen saturation of 100%. The head, ears, eyes, nose and throat examinations were unremarkable. The neck examination revealed an audible inspiratory stridor. Palpation of the neck did not identify a mass or thyromegaly, however the patient did have tenderness in the anterior neck. The remainder of the PE was unremarkable.Radiographs were obtained. A cardiothoracic surgery consultation was obtained.

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Croup

Cited by 157 publications

References 115 publications

Are cytokines and cortisol important predictors for the severity of pediatric croup: A case control study

Are cytokines and cortisol important predictors for the severity of pediatric croup: A case control study

Assessment and management of viral croup in children

Achalasia: a rare cause of stridor

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