Crossing sea state and rogue wave probability during the <scp>P</scp>restige accident

Trulsen, Karsten; Borge, José Carlos Nieto; Gramstad, Odin; Aouf, Lotfi; Lefèvre, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1002/2015jc011161

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with the recent numerical simulations by Trulsen et al 42. of the crossing sea state encountered during the accident of the tanker Prestige on 13 November 2002.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Real world ocean rogue waves explained without the modulational instability

Fedele

Brennan

León

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

205

181

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Since the 1990s, the modulational instability has commonly been used to explain the occurrence of rogue waves that appear from nowhere in the open ocean. However, the importance of this instability in the context of ocean waves is not well established. This mechanism has been successfully studied in laboratory experiments and in mathematical studies, but there is no consensus on what actually takes place in the ocean. In this work, we question the oceanic relevance of this paradigm. In particular, we analyze several sets of field data in various European locations with various tools, and find that the main generation mechanism for rogue waves is the constructive interference of elementary waves enhanced by second-order bound nonlinearities and not the modulational instability. This implies that rogue waves are likely to be rare occurrences of weakly nonlinear random seas.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our studies show that it is approximated by Λ appr = 8 λ 40 /3 (see Methods section). For second-order seas, hereafter referred to as Tayfun sea states42, Λ = 0 only and P TF in Eq. (3) yields the Tayfun (T) distribution32…”

Section: Return Period Of a Wave Whose Crest Height Exceeds A Given Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real world ocean rogue waves explained without the modulational instability

Fedele

Brennan

León

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

205

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, rogue waves are not necessarily steep and tend to occur in the middle of the wave group. Since there is also a positive correlation of the spectral bandwidth and the step size, and no significant correlation with the group asymmetry, we expect that nonlinear modulational focusing does not play a noticeable role in the formation of isolated large waves [see also Trulsen et al , ; Fedele et al , ]. Linear superposition of higher order Stokes waves seems to be a sufficient mechanism that can explain the existence of unexpected, wall‐like rogue waves, as well as the observed occurrence rates of rogue waves [ Gemmrich and Garrett , , ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the shape and group dynamics of rogue waves

Gemmrich

Thomson

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Surface elevation records from two locations in the northeast Pacific are used to examine rogue waves and the relationship to wave groups. Three hundred individual rogue waves with heights greater than 2.2 times the significant wave height are found in analyzing >2 × 106 wave groups. In contrast to recent nonlinear modeling results, we do not find that rogue waves occur at the front of wave groups. There is a tendency for steep waves to occur at the front of a group, but these are not the largest waves of the group and do not meet the rogue wave criterion. Rogue waves are most commonly located in the center of the group, but their height ratio to the neighboring crest is greater than in the average wave group. Assessing group dynamics in terms of spectral width suggests that random superposition of nonlinear waves is sufficient to explain the observations of individual rogue waves.

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“…By varying the initial conditions and parameters of the model, it is possible to draw conclusions as to which particular processes may be responsible for the emergence of the observed rogue waves. Recent work of this type includes analysis of the maritime accidents of the cruise ship Louis Majesty [134], the tanker Prestige [135], the merchant vessel El Faro [132], as well as modelling of the Draupner and Andrea waves [136,137], and rogue waves generated during Typhoon Lupit in 2009 [138]. The particular case of the Andrea wave and its modelled profile using the hindcasting approach is shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Rogue Waves In the Natural Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography

et al. 2019

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We review the study of rogue waves and related instabilities in optical and oceanic environments, with particular focus on recent experimental developments. In optics, we emphasize results arising from the use of real-time measurement techniques, whilst in oceanography we consider insights obtained from analysis of real-world ocean wave data and controlled experiments in wave tanks. Although significant progress in understanding rogue waves has been made based on an analogy between wave dynamics in optics and hydrodynamics, these comparisons have predominantly focused on one-dimensional nonlinear propagation scenarios. As a result, there remains significant debate about the dominant physical mechanisms driving the generation of ocean rogue waves in the complex environment of the open sea. Here, we review stateof-the-art of rogue wave studies in optics and hydrodynamics, aiming to clearly identify similarities and differences between the results obtained in the two fields. In hydrodynamics, we take care to review results that support both nonlinear and linear interpretations of ocean rogue wave formation, and in optics, we also summarise results from an emerging area of research applying the measurement techniques developed for the study of rogue waves to dissipative soliton systems. We conclude with a discussion of important future research directions. the underlying carrier wave is considered sinusoidal at frequency ω whereas in hydrodynamics, the NLSE envelope modulates the Stokes wave which (to second-order) contains contributions at both ω and the second harmonic 2ω [31]. In addition, even though the terminology "optical wave breaking" is used in an NLSE context to describe the steepening of an optical envelope from nonlinear focussing [32], optical carrier waves themselves do not "break" or plunge as they do in hydrodynamics [33,34]. There are also important differences concerning measurements. Specifically, experiments in optical fibres generally measure only the time-domain envelope intensity, and information about carrier oscillations is not recorded. In contrast, measurements in hydrodynamics directly record the individual carrier wave amplitudes (although envelope information can be reconstructed straightforwardly [35]). Particular care must therefore be taken when comparing statistics between optics and hydrodynamics, because statistics in fibre optics experiments are determined

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Crossing sea state and rogue wave probability during the Prestige accident

Cited by 47 publications

References 69 publications

Real world ocean rogue waves explained without the modulational instability

Real world ocean rogue waves explained without the modulational instability

Observations of the shape and group dynamics of rogue waves

Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography

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