Cross-talk between the Ras GTPase and the Hog1 survival pathways in response to nitrosative stress in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Effect of Nitrosative Stress on the S-Nitroso-Proteome of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

“…Previous data demonstrated that high concentrations of NO lead to fungal death (Haniu et al, 2013;Parente et al, 2015;Conceição et al, 2019). On the other hand, low concentrations stimulate fungal proliferation (Haniu et al, 2013;Pengkit et al, 2016;Conceição et al, 2019). This evidence supports the role of RNS as messengers capable of modulating fungal responses through redox PTM and protein expression.…”

“…In fungi, ROS/RNS are known to be cytotoxic (Calich et al, 2008), however, a previous study by our group demonstrated the ability of P. brasiliensis to proliferate under low concentrations of H 2 O 2 and NO (Haniu et al, 2013;Conceição et al, 2019). These data suggest that the fungus can benefit from low concentrations of ROS and RNS to survive and proliferate.…”

“…In this scenario, phagocytic cells produce high amounts of NO. Previous data demonstrated that high concentrations of NO lead to fungal death (Haniu et al, 2013;Parente et al, 2015;Conceição et al, 2019). On the other hand, low concentrations stimulate fungal proliferation (Haniu et al, 2013;Pengkit et al, 2016;Conceição et al, 2019).…”

“…S-nitrosylation, such as phosphorylation, is a reversible posttranslation modification (PTM) that occurs in a cysteine (Cys) which is converted to a nitrosothiol. This NO-dependent PTM has been shown to regulate a considerable variety of cell signaling events and consequently different cell functions (Batista et al, 2013;Haniu et al, 2013;Conceição et al, 2019;Fernando et al, 2019). S-nitrosylation can generate important conformational changes in the protein, which can lead modifications in the protein-protein interaction, allowing other PTMs to occur, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and disulfide bond formation (Hess and Stamler, 2012;Selvakumar et al, 2013;Fernando et al, 2019).…”

Updates in Paracoccidioides Biology and Genetic Advances in Fungus Manipulation

“…However, low concentrations of ROS and RNS can benefit P. brasiliensis, inducing a proliferative response in fungi [132]. Even in oxidative and nitrosative stress, the fungus can survive through a broad and efficient repertoire of detoxification enzymes, such as catalases; superoxide dismutases (SOD); peroxidases and thioredoxins [133,134]; enzymatic systems, such as glutathione and cytochrome c peroxidase [135]; and classical signaling pathways, such as MAPK Hog1 and GTPase Ras [136], Hsp90 and calcineurin [22,137].…”