Cross Talk between Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide in the Unicellular Green Algae Cell Cycle: How Does It Work?

Abstract

The regulatory role of some reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as hydrogen peroxide or nitric oxide, has been demonstrated in some higher plants and algae. Their involvement in regulation of the organism, tissue and single cell development can also be seen in many animals. In green cells, the redox potential is an important photosynthesis regulatory factor that may lead to an increase or decrease in growth rate. ROS and RNS are important signals involved in the regulation of photoautotrophic growth that, in turn, allow the cell to attain the commitment competence. Both hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide are directly involved in algal cell development as the signals that regulate expression of proteins required for completing the cell cycle, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, or histone proteins and E2F complex proteins. Such regulation seems to relate to the direct interaction of these signaling molecules with the redox-sensitive transcription factors, but also with regulation of signaling pathways including MAPK, G-protein and calmodulin-dependent pathways. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the involvement of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in algal cell cycle regulation, considering the role of these molecules in higher plants. We also evaluate the commercial applicability of this knowledge. The creation of a simple tool, such as a precisely established modification of hydrogen peroxide and/or nitric oxide at the cellular level, leading to changes in the ROS-RNS cross-talk network, can be used for the optimization of the efficiency of algal cell growth and may be especially important in the context of increasing the role of algal biomass in science and industry. It could be a part of an important scientific challenge that biotechnology is currently focused on.

Temporal classification of short time series data

“…All functional annotations that are overrepresented in regulation shortly after heat onset were previously described to be involved in early heat acclimation regulation. (i) ribosomal proteins are required for the fast production of proteins; (ii) the transport group contains proteins predominantly involved meeting the increased demand of energy [ 35 ]; (iii) ubiquitin related proteins are necessary to both, degrade proteins that interfere with a heat acclimation, and remove proteins that aggregated due to the increased heat [ 36 ]; (iv) RNA binding proteins are involved in processing, stabilizing and exporting newly transcribed mRNA [ 37 , 38 ]; (v) proteins of the polyamine synthesis group have been described to increase thermos-tolerance in algae [ 39 ].…”

Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of the response of Spirodela polyrrhiza to sodium nitroprusside

“…To date, the main NO synthesis pathways identified are the NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and NR (nitrate reductase) pathways [ 51 ]. The NOS pathway is mainly dependent on NO synthase (NOS), which generates NO and L-citrulline by oxidizing L-arginine [ 52 ]. In the NR pathway, nitrate reductase (NR) can reduce NO 3 − to NO 2 − , nitrite reductase (NiR) can reduce NO 2 − to NO, and NR can also oxidize NO to nitrate to scavenge NO, which shows that NR is an important regulator of NO homeostasis in plants [ 51 ].…”

Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of Spirodela polyrrhiza responses to sodium nitroprusside

“…So far, the main NO synthesis pathways identi ed are the NOS (nitric oxide synthase, NOS) and NR (nitrate reductase, NR) pathways [53]. The NOS pathway is mainly dependent on NO synthase (NOS), which generates NO and L-citrulline by oxidizing L-arginine [54], For the NR pathway, nitrate reductase (NR) can reduce NO 3 − to NO 2 − , and then nitrite reductase (NiR) can reduce NO 2 − to NO, and NR can also oxidize NO to nitrate to scavenge NO, which shows that NR is an important regulator of NO homeostasis in plant [53]. In transcriptome analysis of the key enzyme for NO synthesis, the expression level of NRT and NR gene exhibited increased expression under SNP stress (Additional le 8: Table S6).…”