Cross-Talk Between Antigen Presenting Cells and T Cells Impacts Intestinal Homeostasis, Bacterial Infections, and Tumorigenesis

Gaudino, Stephen; Kumar, Perikala V.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00360

Cited by 227 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…After internalization by MNPs, processed antigens are presented to lymphocytes to induce oral tolerance (173,191,(194)(195)(196) and thus establish homeostatic interaction with dietary factors and intestinal microbiota (37)(38)(39)(40)197). To this end, in addition to their interaction in solitary intestinal lymphoid tissues and Peyer's patches, cDCs are able to migrate to mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) through afferent lymphatic vessels to polarize naïve T cells (198) (Figure 2). In contrast, Mfs lack active migratory properties and rather contribute to amplifying T cell responses in the LP.…”

Section: Human Intestinal Homeostasis and Disruption During Ibd Homeomentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Caër

Wick

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that increases morbidity and negatively influences the quality of life. Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) have a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity while controlling pathogen invasion by activating an appropriate immune response. However, in genetically predisposed individuals, uncontrolled immune activation to intestinal flora is thought to underlie the chronic mucosal inflammation that can ultimately result in IBD. Thus, MNPs are involved in fine-tuning mucosal immune system responsiveness and have a critical role in maintaining homeostasis or, potentially, the emergence of IBD. MNPs include monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are functionally diverse but highly complementary. Despite their crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, specific functions of human MNP subsets are poorly understood, especially during diseases such as IBD. Here we review the current understanding of MNP ontogeny, as well as the recently identified human intestinal MNP subsets, and discuss their role in health and IBD.

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Section: Human Intestinal Homeostasis and Disruption During Ibd Homeomentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Caër

Wick

2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…Both macrophages and uDCs can be activated by encountering pathogens in the endometrium and start the process of phagocytosis, internalization, and degradation of the components of the antigen. They subsequently present these bacterial peptides to T-cells via MHC receptors, which activate the T-cells to initiate a cellmediated and/or humoral immune response via MHC class II molecules (78).…”

Section: T Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, microbial metabolites, among which Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), like acetate, butyrate and propionate, are known to harbor the ability to alter epigenetic status of numerous cell types; studied examples thereof include the effect of such compounds on immune cells (78). In the context of human reproduction, it is conceivable that microbial metabolites, directly (e.g., via SCFA) or indirectly (e.g., acidification, alkalization, inflammatory responses), can either support (healthy microbiota) or upset (unbalanced/harmful microbiota) local cell-cell communication and tissue physiology and adaptation.…”

Section: Fundamental Research Developments and Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay Between Reproductive Tract Microbiota and Immunological System in Human Reproduction

et al. 2020

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In the last decade, the microbiota, i.e., combined populations of microorganisms living inside and on the surface of the human body, has increasingly attracted attention of researchers in the medical field. Indeed, since the completion of the Human Microbiome Project, insight and interest in the role of microbiota in health and disease, also through study of its combined genomes, the microbiome, has been steadily expanding. One less explored field of microbiome research has been the female reproductive tract. Research mainly from the past decade suggests that microbial communities residing in the reproductive tract represent a large proportion of the female microbial network and appear to be involved in reproductive failure and pregnancy complications. Microbiome research is facing technological and methodological challenges, as detection techniques and analysis methods are far from being standardized. A further hurdle is understanding the complex host-microbiota interaction and the confounding effect of a multitude of constitutional and environmental factors. A key regulator of this interaction is the maternal immune system that, during the peri-conceptional stage and even more so during pregnancy, undergoes considerable modulation. This review aims to summarize the current literature on reproductive tract microbiota describing the composition of microbiota in different anatomical locations (vagina, cervix, endometrium, and placenta). We also discuss putative mechanisms of interaction between such microbial communities and various aspects of the immune system, with a focus on the characteristic immunological changes during normal pregnancy. Furthermore, we discuss how abnormal microbiota composition, "dysbiosis," is linked to a spectrum of clinical disorders related to the female reproductive system and how the maternal immune system is involved. Finally, based on the data presented in this review, the future perspectives in diagnostic approaches, research directions and therapeutic opportunities are explored.

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“…Most of the immunostimulation/immunoregulation functions of LcS are involved in immune response cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that carry out antigen recognition and presentation [6]. In addition, macrophages play an important role in the elimination of intracellular pathogenic microorganisms by activating lithic oxygen and nitrogen mechanisms [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunobiotic and Paraprobiotic Potential Effect of Lactobacillus casei in a Systemic Toxoplasmosis Murine Model

et al. 2020

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One of the main characteristics of probiotics is their ability to stimulate and modulate the immune response regardless of their viability. Lactobacillus casei (Lc) can stimulate local and systemic immunity, in addition to the activation of macrophages at sites distant from the intestine. Activated macrophages limit the replication of intracellular protozoa, such as Toxoplasma gondii, through the production of nitric oxide. The present study aimed to evaluate the protection generated by treatment with viable and non-viable Lc in the murine systemic toxoplasmosis model. CD1 male mice were treated with viable Lc (immunobiotic) and non-viable Lc (paraprobiotic), infected with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain. The reduction of the parasitic load, activation of peritoneal macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, and cell populations was evaluated at 7 days post-infection, in addition to the survival. The immunobiotic and paraprobiotic reduced the parasitic load, but only the immunobiotic increased the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) while the paraprobiotic increased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and T CD4+CD44+ lymphocytes. Viable and non-viable Lc increases survival but does not prevent the death of animals. The results provide evidence about the remote immunological stimulation of viable and non-viable Lc in an in vivo parasitic model.

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Cross-Talk Between Antigen Presenting Cells and T Cells Impacts Intestinal Homeostasis, Bacterial Infections, and Tumorigenesis

Cited by 227 publications

References 199 publications

Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The Interplay Between Reproductive Tract Microbiota and Immunological System in Human Reproduction

Immunobiotic and Paraprobiotic Potential Effect of Lactobacillus casei in a Systemic Toxoplasmosis Murine Model

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