Cross-sectional study of Leptospira spp. in commercial pig farms in the state of Goiás, Brazil

Petri, Fernando Antônio Moreira; Sonálio, Karina; Almeida, Henrique Meiroz de Souza; Mechler-Dreibi, Marina Lopes; Galdeano, José Vanderlei Burim; Mathias, Luís Antônio; Oliveira, Luís Guilherme de

doi:10.1007/s11250-020-02457-6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Finally, Azevedo et al [28] reported a seroprevalence of 29% for the serovar Pomona in serum samples from swine slaughtered in Paraiba State in 2008. Both studies reported a high prevalence of the serovar Pomona, which was gradually replaced with Icterohaemorragiae in parallel with advances in improving procedures aimed at controlling rodents and adopting strategies to improve biosecurity as part of the management of Brazilian industrial pig farms, as reported by Petri et al [29].…”

Section: Sample Design and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This technique is performed using a collection of live antigens from Leptospira spp. that includes 22 pathogenic serovars (Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi, and Sentot) and 2 non-pathogenic serovars (Andamana and Patoc), as adopted by Petri et al [29]. For laboratory analyses, the 24 serovars identified above, which were, in turn, cultured in Leptospira Medium Base EMJH (Difco™, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) for approximately 4 to 8 days and at a concentration of approximately 2.0 × 10 8 bacteria/mL, determined via counting in a dark-field microscope, were used.…”

Section: Microscopic Agglutination Test (Mat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted by Favero et al in 2002 [26], seroprevalences of 33.4%, 50%, and 66.6% were reported for the serovars Grippotyphosa, Autumnalis, and Pomona, respectively, across 10 different Brazilian states, including Bahia, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Goiás, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Ceará, Rio Grande do Sul, and Pernambuco, while Ramos et al [27] reported infections with the serovars Pomona, Copenhageni, Tarassovi, Hardjo, Bratislava, and Wolffi in 18 technified pig farms with reproductive disorders in Rio de Janeiro. Finally, Azevedo et al [28] reported a high prevalence of the serovar Pomona, which was gradually replaced with Icterohaemorragiae in parallel with advances in improving procedures aimed at controlling rodents and adopting strategies to improve biosecurity as part of the management of Brazilian industrial pig farms, as reported by Petri et al [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Santos,

Petri,

Pires

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A set of 1393 blood samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties from 136 different municipalities of the Paraná state and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp. serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15.87% (221/1393; 95% CI: 13.95–17.78%) for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected in serovar levels. The lack of rodent control (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.63–1.98, p = 0.02) was the only variable associated with disease incidence and was identified as a significant risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in this context. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in backyard pigs in Paraná, Brazil.

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Section: Sample Design and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Microscopic Agglutination Test (Mat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Santos,

Petri,

Pires

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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“…However, very few studies have investigated the role that pigs have in the environmental transmission of Leptospira . Most existing studies have focused on the prevalence of leptospirosis in pigs and the capacity of wild pigs to serve as the reservoir for Leptospira to transmit to domestic pigs and livestock [ 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 ]. The potential for wild pigs to spread the disease is of significant concern throughout their range, both native and non-native [ 150 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ].…”

Section: Leptospirosis Enzootic Persistence In the Environment: Organ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis and the Environment: A Review and Future Directions

Bradley,

Lockaby

2023

Pathogens

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the disease is frequently overlooked and underdiagnosed, leading to uncertainty of the true scale and severity of the disease. A neglected tropical disease, leptospirosis disproportionately impacts disadvantaged socioeconomic communities most vulnerable to outbreaks of zoonotic disease, due to contact with infectious animals and contaminated soils and waters. With growing evidence that Leptospira survives, persists, and reproduces in the environment, this paper reviews the current understanding of the pathogen in the environment and highlights the unknowns that are most important for future study. Through a systematic Boolean review of the literature, our study finds that detailed field-based study of Leptospira prevalence, survival, and transmission in natural waters and soils is lacking from the current literature. This review identified a strong need for assessment of physical characteristics and biogeochemical processes that support long-term viability of Leptospira in the environment followed by epidemiological assessment of the transmission and movement of the same strains of Leptospira in the present wildlife and livestock as the first steps in improving our understanding of the environmental stage of the leptospirosis transmission cycle.

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“…The aetiological structure of leptospirosis is constantly changing and it has some differences in each country (Bertasio et al 2020;Petri et al 2020;Poudel et al 2020). Therefore, an effective specific prevention (vaccination) and a serological diagnosis of leptospirosis require knowledge of the prevalence and aetiological structure of the disease, namely the list of Leptospira serovars that cause animal disease in each region (country) (Adler 2015;Felix et al 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001-2019

Ukhovskyi¹,

Pyskun²,

Korniienko³

et al. 2022

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Leptospirosis is a widespread infection among pigs throughout the world. In most cases in Ukraine, only the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals. In general, during the period of 2001–2019, 2 381 163 samples of blood sera from swine were tested in our country and 85 338 positive reactions were received, which is 3.58% [binomial confidence intervals (BCI), 3.56–3.61%]. It was established that the serovars copenhageni – 33.91% (BCI, 33.59–34.23%), bratislava – 14.14% (BCI, 13.90–14.37%), pomona – 8.58% (BCI, 8.39–8.77%), and tarassovi – 7.12% (BCI, 6.95–7.30%) play a leading role in the aetiological structure of swine leptospirosis. A large number of positive reactions to several serovars was observed – 29.78% (BCI, 29.47–30.09%) of the total number of positive cases. In addition, the article presents data according to a retrospective analysis of the eight serovars circulating among pigs in Ukraine. Thus, during the nineteen year period, there was a decrease in the number of positive reactions to bratislava, pomona, and tarassovi and an increase in the number of positive reactions to copenhageni, polonica, and kabura. Mapping Ukraine’s territory for leptospirosis among pigs was carried out. This allows one to identify zones with a risk of leptospirosis infections among swine. The maps show that the highest incidence rates were identified in the eastern and central parts of Ukraine.

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Cross-sectional study of Leptospira spp. in commercial pig farms in the state of Goiás, Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Leptospirosis and the Environment: A Review and Future Directions

Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001-2019

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