Cross-Protection Studies with a Holland Strain (Noblis H-52) of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Factors influencing the outcome of infectious bronchitis vaccination and challenge experiments

“…The use of SPF chicks (Rosenberger et al, 1976;EndoMunoz & Faragher, 1989;Liu et al, 2009) means that a more "standard" bird is being used, but does this give results that adequately reflect the situation in the field? Klieve & Cumming (1988) used both SPF and broiler chicks vaccinated at 1 day old to investigate this point, and found that vaccination of each bird type resulted in similar protection against subsequent challenge.…”

“…Whilst 1-day-old vaccination has been used in some studies (Toro & Fernandez, 1994;Lin et al, 2005;Martin et al, 2007), vaccination is frequently delayed until approximately 2 weeks (Endo-Munoz & Faragher, 1989;Lambrechts et al, 1993;Liu et al, 2009;Meir et al, 2012;Gelb et al, 2013), 3 weeks (Lim et al, 2012), or even as late as 5 weeks of age (Rosenberger et al, 1976). It is not easy to understand why this might be the case, except that it may be intended to mimic the age at which specific vaccines are applied in the field.…”

“…Whilst al-Tarcha et al (Winterfield, 1968;Rosenberger et al, 1976;Gelb et al, 1991;Nix et al, 2000;Alvarado et al, 2003;Lim et al, 2012;Meir et al, 2012). In a sequential study, Gough & Alexander (1979) challenged birds at intervals from 1 week to 32 weeks p.v.…”

Detection of infectious bronchitis virus

“…A CIS is labour intensive, expensive, and requires many animals and isolation facilities (Raggi & Lee, 1957, 1965Hofstad, 1961Hofstad, , 1981Winterfield & Hitchner, 1962;Hitchner et al, 1964;Cowen et al, 1971;Rosenberger et al, 1976;Lohr, 1977;Darbyshire, 1980Darbyshire, , 1985Gelb et al, 1981Gelb et al, , 1991Lambrechts et al, 1993;Cook et al, 1998Cook et al, , 1999. Hinze et al (1991) and Dhinakar Raj & Jones (1996b) used a more economical in vitro alternative for the CIS: the cross-immunization test (CIT).…”

Identification of amino acids involved in a serotype and neutralization specific epitope with in the s1 subunit of avian infectious bronchitis virus

“…Economic losses are due to poor weight gains in broilers, egg production losses, and decreased egg quality in layers and breeders [14]. Multiple IBV serotypes complicate vaccination programs due to a lack of cross protection between serotypes [6,10,21].…”