Cross-national differences in grip strength among 50+ year-old Europeans: results from the SHARE study

Andersen‐Ranberg, Karen; Petersen, Inge; Frederiksen, Henrik; Mackenbach, Johan P.; Christensen, Kaare

doi:10.1007/s10433-009-0128-6

Cited by 123 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Grip strength was measured using a Smedley dynamometer (Scandidact, Kvistgaard, Denmark) whilst the participant was standing with their forearm held out in front (25). Participants were allowed two trials with each hand and the maximum strength achieved was used in analyses.…”

Section: Grip Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional associations between different measures of obesity and muscle strength in men and women in a British cohort study

Keevil

Luben

Dalzell

et al. 2015

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives:The relationship between obesity and grip strength, a key indicator of sarcopenia, has been inconsistently reported. We aimed to examine associations between grip strength and both body mass index (BMI), a clinical indicator of total adiposity, and waist circumference (WC), an indicator of central adiposity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: Data collected from 8,441 men and women, aged 48-92 years old, who attended the third health examination of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study was used. Measurements: Maximum grip strength (Smedley dynamometer), BMI (weight/ height 2 ) and WC (measured at the natural waist) were ascertained at a research clinic. The associations between grip strength and adiposity measures were explored using linear regression with adjustment for age, height, social class, physical activity, prevalent disease, smoking status and alcohol intake. Results: Men and women were examined separately and those in the upper quartile of BMI were 2.70kg (95%CI 2.07, 3.33) and 1.46kg (95%CI 1.05, 1.86) stronger respectively than those in the bottom quartile (P trends <0.001). Grip strength also increased weakly with increasing WC. However, including both BMI and WC in the same regression model revealed an inverse association between grip strength and WC, whilst the previously observed association with BMI strengthened. For every 10cm increase in WC, grip strength was 3.56kg (95%CI 3.04, 4.08) lower in men and 1.00kg (95%CI 0.74, 1.24) lower in women. Conclusions: Larger overall body mass, indicated by higher BMI, is associated with stronger grip strength but high WC, a clinical indicator of central obesity, is associated with lower grip strength. Abdominal fat is the most metabolically active adipose tissue and this provides a clue to potential mechanisms underlying relationships between fat and skeletal muscle. Additionally, it reinforces the recommendation to measure WC in clinical practice, especially when BMI is below obese ranges. Key words:Grip strength, central obesity, sarcopenia, aging. The divergent conclusions reported to date reflect the challenging issues in the study of this association. Firstly, the most commonly used marker of obesity is body mass index (BMI), a measure which incorporates both fat and fatfree mass in its calculation. Therefore, increases in BMI indicate increases in lean as well as fat mass (16), which are additionally highly correlated measures (17). Co-variables used to account for lean mass in analyses differ between studies and may contribute to the inconsistency of results (12,14,18). Secondly, BMI does not indicate fat distribution. It is important to consider fat distribution since the properties of adipose tissue are not homogenous throughout the body and different associations of fat with health outcomes have been observed, based on the site of fat accumulation (19,20). Centrally deposited adipose tissue is most closely associated with the metabolic consequences of obesity and increased wai...

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Section: Grip Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional associations between different measures of obesity and muscle strength in men and women in a British cohort study

Keevil

Luben

Dalzell

et al. 2015

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…The main differences occur in the detail, with different cut-points suggested in each definition for the different parameters. This is partly due to variation in normative ranges between populations, particularly with respect to muscle strength and muscle mass (45,(47)(48)(49)(50) . However, there is also ongoing debate about how to define valid cut-points.…”

Section: Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing well: a review of sarcopenia and frailty

2015

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Conference on 'Nutrition and age-related muscle loss, sarcopenia and cachexia' 'Ageing well' has been declared a global health priority by the World Health Organisation and the role of sarcopenia and frailty in late-life health is receiving increasing attention. Frailty is the decline in an individual's homeostatic function, strength and physiologic reserves leading to increased vulnerability, while sarcopenia describes the loss of muscle mass and function with age. The conceptual definitions of these conditions have been widely agreed but there is a lack of consensus on how to measure them. We review the different operational definitions described in the literature and the evidence that, whatever definition used, the prevalence and clinical impact of these conditions is high. We also consider the commonality of low physical function to both conditions, a feature which could provide a pragmatic way forward in terms of identifying those at risk. Objective measures of physical function such as usual walking speed are simple and feasible measures, extensively validated against health outcomes. Additionally, clinical applications of sarcopenia and frailty are reviewed with particular consideration to their potential role in the management of older people undergoing surgery. Frailty appears to outperform traditional anaesthetic and surgical risk scores in terms of its association with post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, institutionalisation and mortality. However, even within this sub-specialty area there is wide variation in the approaches used to measure frailty and there is an urgent need for studies to utilise established, validated and reproducible methods to identify sarcopenia and frailty in their study participants, in order to expedite scientific development. Sarcopenia: Frail elderly: AgeingBy 2050 the proportion of the world's population aged ⩾60 years is projected to be 22 %, double the proportion recorded at the turn of the new millennium (1) . Although population ageing is in one way a great public health success story, with mortality rates among older people continuing to fall (2) , in another way it presents significant challenges. For example, in the UK 60 % of people admitted to hospital are ⩾65 years old despite this age-group only comprising 17 % of the total UK population (3) . This disproportionate use of healthcare services by older people not only demonstrates the significant economic implications of an ageing population (4) , but also the morbidity experienced by many older people, reducing quality of life. However, it is not inevitable that *Corresponding author: Dr V. L. Keevil, fax +44 (0)1223 748676, email vlk20@cam.ac.uk Abbreviations: CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; FI, frailty index; PFP, physical frailty phenotype.

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“…É importante ressaltar que a comparação com valores de referência obtidos através de amostras de outros paí-ses pode gerar erros, uma vez que os valores diferem de acordo com a base populacional estudada 18 . Neste sentido, as equações de predição da FPM podem ser um valioso instrumento para auxiliar o profissional da área da saúde na avaliação, acompanhamento, determinação de metas de tratamento e retorno das atividades laborais 16 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Validade preditiva de equações de referência para força de preensão manual em homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos

Fernandes¹,

Silva²,

Vieira³

et al. 2012

Fisioter. Pesqui.

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RESUMO | O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade preditiva das equações de referência para predição da força de preensão manual (FPM) em homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos. Foram avaliados 60 homens com idade de 58, 7±8, 6 anos (50-84 anos), estatura 168, 7±8, 0 cm, massa corporal 67,9±13, 0 kg e índice de massa corporal 23, 7±4, 0 kg/m 2 , utilizando equipamento 'padrão-ouro' na avaliação da FPM e seguindo todas as recomendações metodológicas preconizadas pela American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). Os resultados do diagrama de Bland-Altman para mão dominante (MD) apresentam um erro médio (viés) de -8, 4% (IC95% -51, 6-34, 7). Já o diagrama de Bland-Altman para mão não dominante (MND) apresenta um erro médio (viés) de 1, 4% (IC95% -47, 1-49,8). O cálculo de Cronbach's alpha para a MD foi de 0, 69 e 0,59 para MND. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para MD foi 0,52 (IC95% 31-68) e de 0, 42 (IC95% 20-60) para a MND. Concluímos que as equações para predição analisadas neste estudo, para uma população de homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos, apresentou baixa validade preditiva, o que pode gerar erros de interpretação dos resultados.Descritores | estudos de validação; força da mão; medidas; dinamômetro de força muscular.ABSTRACT | The objective of this study was to verify the predictive validity of reference equations for hand grip strength (HGS) in middle-aged and elderly Brazilian men. We evaluated 60 men with age of 58.7±8.6 years, height 168.7±8.0 cm, body mass 67.9±13.0 kg, and body mass index 23.7±4.0 kg/m 2 , utilizing the gold standard equipment for evaluation of HGS and following all methodological recommendations of the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASTH). The results of the BlandAltman diagram for the dominant hand (DH) had a mean error (bias) of -8.4% (95%CI -51.6-34.7). The BlandAltman diagram for the non-dominant hand (NDH) had a mean error (bias) of 1.4% (95%CI -47.1-49.8). The calculation of Cronbach's alpha was 0.69 for the DH and 0.59 for the NDH. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.52 (95%CI 31-68) for the for the NDH. We therefore conclude that the reference equations for HGS evaluated in this study has low predictive validity for a population of Brazilian men middleaged and elderly, and may lead to a misinterpretation of the results.

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Cross-national differences in grip strength among 50+ year-old Europeans: results from the SHARE study

Cited by 123 publications

References 39 publications

Cross-sectional associations between different measures of obesity and muscle strength in men and women in a British cohort study

Cross-sectional associations between different measures of obesity and muscle strength in men and women in a British cohort study

Ageing well: a review of sarcopenia and frailty

Validade preditiva de equações de referência para força de preensão manual em homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos

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