Cross‐Linked Nanocellulosic Materials and Their Applications

Abstract

Nanocelluloses (NCs) have remarkable mechanical properties and contain abundant surface functional groups that can be modified or cross‐linked with other materials. They have been widely used as an environment‐friendly reinforcing agent in polymer composites. However, for applications that are carried out in humid environments or aqueous suspensions, hydrophilicity of NCs lower their mechanical integrity. Hence, cross‐linking techniques have been investigated in recent years for preparing NC‐based materials that are dimensionally stable under humid or aqueous environments and have better physicochemical properties. This Minireview examines the quickly growing field of cross‐linked NC‐based materials, which have many benefits including improved aqueous, structural, mechanical, and thermal stability. In addition, the potential application of cross‐linked NC‐based materials in adsorption of heavy metal is discussed.

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

“…Surface functionalization can be carried out during the preparation step or post-production of nanocellulose (Wei et al, 2017). These modifications lead to attaining desirable properties, which, in turn, enhance their effectiveness for a given application (Lin et al, 2012;Afrin and Karim, 2017;Liang et al, 2020;Tao et al, 2020). Through the incorporation of any chemical functionality, the surface of a nanocellulosic material can be modified the way it reacts with foreign substances (George and Sabapathi, 2015).…”

Strong reinforcement effects in 2D cellulose nanofibril–graphene oxide (CNF–GO) nanocomposites due to GO-induced CNF ordering

“…The GO platelet component in CNF-GO lms shows high reinforcement efficiency and also efficiency in maintaining barrier properties during moisture cycling enhancement. Chemical crosslinking of CNF brils may further improve moisture stability, 118 but would compromise recycling potential.…”

Chemically Cross-Linked Cellulose Nanocrystal Aerogels for Effective Removal of Cation Dye

“…Therefore, the challenge of creating high-performance CNC aerogels by simple routes has become an active field of study. A chemical cross-linking method could be employed to form effective covalent bonds based on the numerous active hydroxyl groups on the surface of CNCs to advance the structure stability and mechanical performance of CNC-based aerogels (Zhu et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2020 ). Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PMVEMA/PEG) hydrogels have been investigated to have a high swelling capability and have been reported to be used as cross-linking agents to make nanocellulose composites (Goetz et al, 2009 ; Raj Singh et al, 2010 ).…”