Water contamination with toxic metal ions is one of the major problems of environmental pollution, caused by intensified economic development. Therefore, efficient sorptive systems capable of binding metal cations are of great interest. Herein, we present the synthesis of materials containing nanocavities created by the cross-linking of poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) with four structurally different polyamines: tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), piperazine, triethylenetetramine (TETA), and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine (TRI-OXA). The easiness of the synthetic protocol and the biocompatibility of bare polymer indicate the convenience of the proposed adsorbents. The materials were subjected to adsorption of Al(III), Mn(II), Hg(II), and Cd(II) ions from their binary, ternary, and quaternary systems. The ions' adsorption percentages were established using XRF analysis, indicating the dependence of the materials' adsorption ability on the cross-linking agent used. Such findings are strictly related to the size of the polyamine used, determining the distances between subsequent polymer chains, and thus the size of internal nanocavities formed.