“…Depending on the type of cross-group comparison one wants to make, different levels of equivalence are required (Scholderer, Brunsø, & Grunert, 2004;Steenkamp & Baumgartner, 1998;Van den Berg & Lance, 2000;Van de Vijver & Leung, 1997, p. 144). For instance, comparisons across countries or other cultural groups that involve structural relations between certain variables (i.e., structural comparisons) require the survey instrument to exhibit metric equivalence across groups.…”